Offline Calibration for Infant Gaze and Head Tracking across a Wide Horizontal Visual Field
Most well-established eye-tracking research paradigms adopt remote systems, which typically feature regular flat screens of limited width. Limitations of current eye-tracking methods over a wide area include calibration, the significant loss of data due to head movements, and the reduction of data q...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/2/972 |
| _version_ | 1797437161641869312 |
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| author | Chiara Capparini Michelle P. S. To Clément Dardenne Vincent M. Reid |
| author_facet | Chiara Capparini Michelle P. S. To Clément Dardenne Vincent M. Reid |
| author_sort | Chiara Capparini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Most well-established eye-tracking research paradigms adopt remote systems, which typically feature regular flat screens of limited width. Limitations of current eye-tracking methods over a wide area include calibration, the significant loss of data due to head movements, and the reduction of data quality over the course of an experimental session. Here, we introduced a novel method of tracking gaze and head movements that combines the possibility of investigating a wide field of view and an offline calibration procedure to enhance the accuracy of measurements. A 4-camera Smart Eye Pro system was adapted for infant research to detect gaze movements across 126° of the horizontal meridian. To accurately track this visual area, an online system calibration was combined with a new offline gaze calibration procedure. Results revealed that the proposed system successfully tracked infants’ head and gaze beyond the average screen size. The implementation of an offline calibration procedure improved the validity and spatial accuracy of measures by correcting a systematic top-right error (1.38° mean horizontal error and 1.46° mean vertical error). This approach could be critical for deriving accurate physiological measures from the eye and represents a substantial methodological advance for tracking looking behaviour across both central and peripheral regions. The offline calibration is particularly useful for work with developing populations, such as infants, and for people who may have difficulties in following instructions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:15:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-504e513ed994400cb19f76782d4a2bf2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:15:49Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-504e513ed994400cb19f76782d4a2bf22023-12-01T00:30:41ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-01-0123297210.3390/s23020972Offline Calibration for Infant Gaze and Head Tracking across a Wide Horizontal Visual FieldChiara Capparini0Michelle P. S. To1Clément Dardenne2Vincent M. Reid3Center for Research in Cognition & Neuroscience (CRCN), Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1050 Brussels, BelgiumDepartment of Psychology, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YF, UKResearch and AI Labs, Smart Eye AB, 413 27 Gothenburg, SwedenSchool of Psychology, University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New ZealandMost well-established eye-tracking research paradigms adopt remote systems, which typically feature regular flat screens of limited width. Limitations of current eye-tracking methods over a wide area include calibration, the significant loss of data due to head movements, and the reduction of data quality over the course of an experimental session. Here, we introduced a novel method of tracking gaze and head movements that combines the possibility of investigating a wide field of view and an offline calibration procedure to enhance the accuracy of measurements. A 4-camera Smart Eye Pro system was adapted for infant research to detect gaze movements across 126° of the horizontal meridian. To accurately track this visual area, an online system calibration was combined with a new offline gaze calibration procedure. Results revealed that the proposed system successfully tracked infants’ head and gaze beyond the average screen size. The implementation of an offline calibration procedure improved the validity and spatial accuracy of measures by correcting a systematic top-right error (1.38° mean horizontal error and 1.46° mean vertical error). This approach could be critical for deriving accurate physiological measures from the eye and represents a substantial methodological advance for tracking looking behaviour across both central and peripheral regions. The offline calibration is particularly useful for work with developing populations, such as infants, and for people who may have difficulties in following instructions.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/2/972eye trackingcalibrationgazevisionvisual fieldinfancy |
| spellingShingle | Chiara Capparini Michelle P. S. To Clément Dardenne Vincent M. Reid Offline Calibration for Infant Gaze and Head Tracking across a Wide Horizontal Visual Field Sensors eye tracking calibration gaze vision visual field infancy |
| title | Offline Calibration for Infant Gaze and Head Tracking across a Wide Horizontal Visual Field |
| title_full | Offline Calibration for Infant Gaze and Head Tracking across a Wide Horizontal Visual Field |
| title_fullStr | Offline Calibration for Infant Gaze and Head Tracking across a Wide Horizontal Visual Field |
| title_full_unstemmed | Offline Calibration for Infant Gaze and Head Tracking across a Wide Horizontal Visual Field |
| title_short | Offline Calibration for Infant Gaze and Head Tracking across a Wide Horizontal Visual Field |
| title_sort | offline calibration for infant gaze and head tracking across a wide horizontal visual field |
| topic | eye tracking calibration gaze vision visual field infancy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/2/972 |
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