Optimizing dietary rumen-degradable starch to rumen-degradable protein ratio improves lactation performance and nitrogen utilization efficiency in mid-lactating Holstein dairy cows
The dietary rumen-degradable starch (RDS) to rumen-degradable protein (RDP) ratio, denoted as the RDS-to-RDP ratio (SPR), has been proven to enhance in vitro rumen fermentation. However, the effects of dietary SPR in vivo remain largely unexplored. This study was conducted to investigate the effect...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1330876/full |
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| author | Panliang Chen Panliang Chen Yan Li Yan Li Meimei Wang Meimei Wang Meimei Wang Yizhao Shen Yizhao Shen Mingchao Liu Mingchao Liu Hongjian Xu Hongjian Xu Ning Ma Ning Ma Yufeng Cao Yufeng Cao Qiufeng Li Qiufeng Li Mahmoud M. Abdelsattar Zhiyuan Wang Zhiyuan Wang Zihan Huo Zihan Huo Shuai Ren Shuai Ren Linqi Hu Linqi Hu Jie Liu Jie Liu Yanxia Gao Yanxia Gao Yanxia Gao Yanxia Gao Jianguo Li Jianguo Li Jianguo Li Jianguo Li |
| author_facet | Panliang Chen Panliang Chen Yan Li Yan Li Meimei Wang Meimei Wang Meimei Wang Yizhao Shen Yizhao Shen Mingchao Liu Mingchao Liu Hongjian Xu Hongjian Xu Ning Ma Ning Ma Yufeng Cao Yufeng Cao Qiufeng Li Qiufeng Li Mahmoud M. Abdelsattar Zhiyuan Wang Zhiyuan Wang Zihan Huo Zihan Huo Shuai Ren Shuai Ren Linqi Hu Linqi Hu Jie Liu Jie Liu Yanxia Gao Yanxia Gao Yanxia Gao Yanxia Gao Jianguo Li Jianguo Li Jianguo Li Jianguo Li |
| author_sort | Panliang Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The dietary rumen-degradable starch (RDS) to rumen-degradable protein (RDP) ratio, denoted as the RDS-to-RDP ratio (SPR), has been proven to enhance in vitro rumen fermentation. However, the effects of dietary SPR in vivo remain largely unexplored. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary SPR on lactation performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation patterns, blood indicators, and nitrogen (N) partitioning in mid-lactating Holstein cows. Seventy-two Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to three groups (24 head/group), balanced for (mean ± standard deviation) days in milk (116 ± 21.5), parity (2.1 ± 0.8), milk production (42 ± 2.1 kg/d), and body weight (705 ± 52.5 kg). The cows were fed diets with low (2.1, control), medium (2.3), or high (2.5) SPR, formulated to be isoenergetic, isonitrogenous, and iso-starch. The study consisted of a one-week adaptation phase followed by an eight-week experimental period. The results indicated that the high SPR group had a lower dry matter intake compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). A quadratic increase in milk yield and feed efficiency was observed with increasing dietary SPR (p < 0.05), peaking in the medium SPR group. The medium SPR group exhibited a lower milk somatic cell count and a higher blood total antioxidant capacity compared to other groups (p < 0.05). With increasing dietary SPR, there was a quadratic improvement (p < 0.05) in the total tract apparent digestibility of crude protein, ether extract, starch, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber. Although no treatment effect was observed in rumen pH, the rumen total volatile fatty acids concentration and microbial crude protein synthesis increased quadratically (p < 0.05) as dietary SPR increased. The molar proportion of propionate linearly increased (p = 0.01), while branched-chain volatile fatty acids linearly decreased (p = 0.01) with increasing dietary SPR. The low SPR group (control) exhibited higher concentration of milk urea N, rumen ammonia N, and blood urea N than other groups (p < 0.05). Despite a linear decrease (p < 0.05) in the proportion of urinary N to N intake, increasing dietary SPR led to a quadratic increase (p = 0.01) in N utilization efficiency and a quadratic decrease (p < 0.05) in the proportion of fecal N to N intake. In conclusion, optimizing dietary SPR has the potential to enhance lactation performance and N utilization efficiency. Based on our findings, a medium dietary SPR (with SPR = 2.3) is recommended for mid-lactating Holstein dairy cows. Nevertheless, further research on rumen microbial composition and metabolites is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the observed effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T19:16:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5055d343355649479599a020b26f3773 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2297-1769 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T19:16:00Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Veterinary Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-5055d343355649479599a020b26f37732024-02-29T13:26:33ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Veterinary Science2297-17692024-02-011110.3389/fvets.2024.13308761330876Optimizing dietary rumen-degradable starch to rumen-degradable protein ratio improves lactation performance and nitrogen utilization efficiency in mid-lactating Holstein dairy cowsPanliang Chen0Panliang Chen1Yan Li2Yan Li3Meimei Wang4Meimei Wang5Meimei Wang6Yizhao Shen7Yizhao Shen8Mingchao Liu9Mingchao Liu10Hongjian Xu11Hongjian Xu12Ning Ma13Ning Ma14Yufeng Cao15Yufeng Cao16Qiufeng Li17Qiufeng Li18Mahmoud M. Abdelsattar19Zhiyuan Wang20Zhiyuan Wang21Zihan Huo22Zihan Huo23Shuai Ren24Shuai Ren25Linqi Hu26Linqi Hu27Jie Liu28Jie Liu29Yanxia Gao30Yanxia Gao31Yanxia Gao32Yanxia Gao33Jianguo Li34Jianguo Li35Jianguo Li36Jianguo Li37College of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaKey Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, ChinaKey Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaKey Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, ChinaCangzhou Normal University, College of Life Science, Cangzhou, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaKey Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, ChinaKey Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaKey Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, ChinaKey Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaKey Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaKey Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, ChinaDepartment of Animal and Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, South Valley University, Qena, EgyptCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaKey Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaKey Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaKey Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaKey Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaKey Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaKey Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, ChinaHebei Technology Innovation Center of Cattle and Sheep Embryo, Baoding, ChinaHebei Research Institute of Dairy Industry Technology, Shijiazhuang, ChinaCollege of Animal Science and Technology, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding, ChinaKey Laboratory of Healthy Breeding in Dairy Cattle (Co-construction by Ministry and Province), Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Baoding, ChinaHebei Technology Innovation Center of Cattle and Sheep Embryo, Baoding, ChinaHebei Research Institute of Dairy Industry Technology, Shijiazhuang, ChinaThe dietary rumen-degradable starch (RDS) to rumen-degradable protein (RDP) ratio, denoted as the RDS-to-RDP ratio (SPR), has been proven to enhance in vitro rumen fermentation. However, the effects of dietary SPR in vivo remain largely unexplored. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of dietary SPR on lactation performance, nutrient digestibility, rumen fermentation patterns, blood indicators, and nitrogen (N) partitioning in mid-lactating Holstein cows. Seventy-two Holstein dairy cows were randomly assigned to three groups (24 head/group), balanced for (mean ± standard deviation) days in milk (116 ± 21.5), parity (2.1 ± 0.8), milk production (42 ± 2.1 kg/d), and body weight (705 ± 52.5 kg). The cows were fed diets with low (2.1, control), medium (2.3), or high (2.5) SPR, formulated to be isoenergetic, isonitrogenous, and iso-starch. The study consisted of a one-week adaptation phase followed by an eight-week experimental period. The results indicated that the high SPR group had a lower dry matter intake compared to the other groups (p < 0.05). A quadratic increase in milk yield and feed efficiency was observed with increasing dietary SPR (p < 0.05), peaking in the medium SPR group. The medium SPR group exhibited a lower milk somatic cell count and a higher blood total antioxidant capacity compared to other groups (p < 0.05). With increasing dietary SPR, there was a quadratic improvement (p < 0.05) in the total tract apparent digestibility of crude protein, ether extract, starch, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber. Although no treatment effect was observed in rumen pH, the rumen total volatile fatty acids concentration and microbial crude protein synthesis increased quadratically (p < 0.05) as dietary SPR increased. The molar proportion of propionate linearly increased (p = 0.01), while branched-chain volatile fatty acids linearly decreased (p = 0.01) with increasing dietary SPR. The low SPR group (control) exhibited higher concentration of milk urea N, rumen ammonia N, and blood urea N than other groups (p < 0.05). Despite a linear decrease (p < 0.05) in the proportion of urinary N to N intake, increasing dietary SPR led to a quadratic increase (p = 0.01) in N utilization efficiency and a quadratic decrease (p < 0.05) in the proportion of fecal N to N intake. In conclusion, optimizing dietary SPR has the potential to enhance lactation performance and N utilization efficiency. Based on our findings, a medium dietary SPR (with SPR = 2.3) is recommended for mid-lactating Holstein dairy cows. Nevertheless, further research on rumen microbial composition and metabolites is warranted to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of the observed effects.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1330876/fullrumen-degradable starchrumen-degradable proteinlactation performancenitrogen utilization efficiencyHolstein dairy cows |
| spellingShingle | Panliang Chen Panliang Chen Yan Li Yan Li Meimei Wang Meimei Wang Meimei Wang Yizhao Shen Yizhao Shen Mingchao Liu Mingchao Liu Hongjian Xu Hongjian Xu Ning Ma Ning Ma Yufeng Cao Yufeng Cao Qiufeng Li Qiufeng Li Mahmoud M. Abdelsattar Zhiyuan Wang Zhiyuan Wang Zihan Huo Zihan Huo Shuai Ren Shuai Ren Linqi Hu Linqi Hu Jie Liu Jie Liu Yanxia Gao Yanxia Gao Yanxia Gao Yanxia Gao Jianguo Li Jianguo Li Jianguo Li Jianguo Li Optimizing dietary rumen-degradable starch to rumen-degradable protein ratio improves lactation performance and nitrogen utilization efficiency in mid-lactating Holstein dairy cows Frontiers in Veterinary Science rumen-degradable starch rumen-degradable protein lactation performance nitrogen utilization efficiency Holstein dairy cows |
| title | Optimizing dietary rumen-degradable starch to rumen-degradable protein ratio improves lactation performance and nitrogen utilization efficiency in mid-lactating Holstein dairy cows |
| title_full | Optimizing dietary rumen-degradable starch to rumen-degradable protein ratio improves lactation performance and nitrogen utilization efficiency in mid-lactating Holstein dairy cows |
| title_fullStr | Optimizing dietary rumen-degradable starch to rumen-degradable protein ratio improves lactation performance and nitrogen utilization efficiency in mid-lactating Holstein dairy cows |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimizing dietary rumen-degradable starch to rumen-degradable protein ratio improves lactation performance and nitrogen utilization efficiency in mid-lactating Holstein dairy cows |
| title_short | Optimizing dietary rumen-degradable starch to rumen-degradable protein ratio improves lactation performance and nitrogen utilization efficiency in mid-lactating Holstein dairy cows |
| title_sort | optimizing dietary rumen degradable starch to rumen degradable protein ratio improves lactation performance and nitrogen utilization efficiency in mid lactating holstein dairy cows |
| topic | rumen-degradable starch rumen-degradable protein lactation performance nitrogen utilization efficiency Holstein dairy cows |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fvets.2024.1330876/full |
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