<it>Plasmodium vivax </it>lineages: geographical distribution, tandem repeat polymorphism, and phylogenetic relationship
<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Multi-drug resistance and severe/complicated cases are the emerging phenotypes of vivax malaria, which may deteriorate current anti-malarial control measures. The emergence of these phenotypes could be associated with either of the t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2011-12-01
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| Series: | Malaria Journal |
| Online Access: | http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/374 |
| _version_ | 1818565346009808896 |
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| author | Prajapati Surendra K Joshi Hema Shalini Sneh Patarroyo Manuel A Suwanarusk Rossarin Kumar Ashwani Sharma Surya K Eapen Alex Dev Vas Bhatt Rajendra M Valecha Neena Nosten Francois Rizvi Moshahid A Dash Aditya P |
| author_facet | Prajapati Surendra K Joshi Hema Shalini Sneh Patarroyo Manuel A Suwanarusk Rossarin Kumar Ashwani Sharma Surya K Eapen Alex Dev Vas Bhatt Rajendra M Valecha Neena Nosten Francois Rizvi Moshahid A Dash Aditya P |
| author_sort | Prajapati Surendra K |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Multi-drug resistance and severe/complicated cases are the emerging phenotypes of vivax malaria, which may deteriorate current anti-malarial control measures. The emergence of these phenotypes could be associated with either of the two <it>Plasmodium vivax </it>lineages. The two lineages had been categorized as Old World and New World, based on geographical sub-division and genetic and phenotypical markers. This study revisited the lineage hypothesis of <it>P. vivax </it>by typing the distribution of lineages among global isolates and evaluated their genetic relatedness using a panel of new mini-satellite markers.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p><it>18S SSU rRNA S-type </it>gene was amplified from 420 <it>Plasmodium vivax </it>field isolates collected from different geographical regions of India, Thailand and Colombia as well as four strains each of <it>P. vivax </it>originating from Nicaragua, Panama, Thailand (Pak Chang), and Vietnam (ONG). A mini-satellite marker panel was then developed to understand the population genetic parameters and tested on a sample subset of both lineages.</p> <p>Results</p> <p><it>18S SSU rRNA S-type </it>gene typing revealed the distribution of both lineages (Old World and New World) in all geographical regions. However, distribution of <it>Plasmodium vivax </it>lineages was highly variable in every geographical region. The lack of geographical sub-division between lineages suggests that both lineages are globally distributed. Ten mini-satellites were scanned from the <it>P. vivax </it>genome sequence; these tandem repeats were located in eight of the chromosomes. Mini-satellites revealed substantial allelic diversity (7-21, <it>AE </it>= 14.6 ± 2.0) and heterozygosity (<it>He </it>= 0.697-0.924, <it>AE </it>= 0.857 ± 0.033) per locus. Mini-satellite comparison between the two lineages revealed high but similar pattern of genetic diversity, allele frequency, and high degree of allele sharing. A Neighbour-Joining phylogenetic tree derived from genetic distance data obtained from ten mini-satellites also placed both lineages together in every cluster.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The global lineage distribution, lack of genetic distance, similar pattern of genetic diversity, and allele sharing strongly suggested that both lineages are a single species and thus new emerging phenotypes associated with vivax malaria could not be clearly classified as belonging to a particular lineage on basis of their geographical origin.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T01:40:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-506adeb7c30340cb90d775fe70fec056 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1475-2875 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T01:40:06Z |
| publishDate | 2011-12-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Malaria Journal |
| spelling | doaj.art-506adeb7c30340cb90d775fe70fec0562022-12-21T23:21:46ZengBMCMalaria Journal1475-28752011-12-0110137410.1186/1475-2875-10-374<it>Plasmodium vivax </it>lineages: geographical distribution, tandem repeat polymorphism, and phylogenetic relationshipPrajapati Surendra KJoshi HemaShalini SnehPatarroyo Manuel ASuwanarusk RossarinKumar AshwaniSharma Surya KEapen AlexDev VasBhatt Rajendra MValecha NeenaNosten FrancoisRizvi Moshahid ADash Aditya P<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Multi-drug resistance and severe/complicated cases are the emerging phenotypes of vivax malaria, which may deteriorate current anti-malarial control measures. The emergence of these phenotypes could be associated with either of the two <it>Plasmodium vivax </it>lineages. The two lineages had been categorized as Old World and New World, based on geographical sub-division and genetic and phenotypical markers. This study revisited the lineage hypothesis of <it>P. vivax </it>by typing the distribution of lineages among global isolates and evaluated their genetic relatedness using a panel of new mini-satellite markers.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p><it>18S SSU rRNA S-type </it>gene was amplified from 420 <it>Plasmodium vivax </it>field isolates collected from different geographical regions of India, Thailand and Colombia as well as four strains each of <it>P. vivax </it>originating from Nicaragua, Panama, Thailand (Pak Chang), and Vietnam (ONG). A mini-satellite marker panel was then developed to understand the population genetic parameters and tested on a sample subset of both lineages.</p> <p>Results</p> <p><it>18S SSU rRNA S-type </it>gene typing revealed the distribution of both lineages (Old World and New World) in all geographical regions. However, distribution of <it>Plasmodium vivax </it>lineages was highly variable in every geographical region. The lack of geographical sub-division between lineages suggests that both lineages are globally distributed. Ten mini-satellites were scanned from the <it>P. vivax </it>genome sequence; these tandem repeats were located in eight of the chromosomes. Mini-satellites revealed substantial allelic diversity (7-21, <it>AE </it>= 14.6 ± 2.0) and heterozygosity (<it>He </it>= 0.697-0.924, <it>AE </it>= 0.857 ± 0.033) per locus. Mini-satellite comparison between the two lineages revealed high but similar pattern of genetic diversity, allele frequency, and high degree of allele sharing. A Neighbour-Joining phylogenetic tree derived from genetic distance data obtained from ten mini-satellites also placed both lineages together in every cluster.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The global lineage distribution, lack of genetic distance, similar pattern of genetic diversity, and allele sharing strongly suggested that both lineages are a single species and thus new emerging phenotypes associated with vivax malaria could not be clearly classified as belonging to a particular lineage on basis of their geographical origin.</p>http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/374 |
| spellingShingle | Prajapati Surendra K Joshi Hema Shalini Sneh Patarroyo Manuel A Suwanarusk Rossarin Kumar Ashwani Sharma Surya K Eapen Alex Dev Vas Bhatt Rajendra M Valecha Neena Nosten Francois Rizvi Moshahid A Dash Aditya P <it>Plasmodium vivax </it>lineages: geographical distribution, tandem repeat polymorphism, and phylogenetic relationship Malaria Journal |
| title | <it>Plasmodium vivax </it>lineages: geographical distribution, tandem repeat polymorphism, and phylogenetic relationship |
| title_full | <it>Plasmodium vivax </it>lineages: geographical distribution, tandem repeat polymorphism, and phylogenetic relationship |
| title_fullStr | <it>Plasmodium vivax </it>lineages: geographical distribution, tandem repeat polymorphism, and phylogenetic relationship |
| title_full_unstemmed | <it>Plasmodium vivax </it>lineages: geographical distribution, tandem repeat polymorphism, and phylogenetic relationship |
| title_short | <it>Plasmodium vivax </it>lineages: geographical distribution, tandem repeat polymorphism, and phylogenetic relationship |
| title_sort | it plasmodium vivax it lineages geographical distribution tandem repeat polymorphism and phylogenetic relationship |
| url | http://www.malariajournal.com/content/10/1/374 |
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