Exercise engagement drives changes in cognition and cardiorespiratory fitness after 8 weeks of aerobic training in sedentary aging adults at risk of cognitive decline
BackgroundWith our aging population, many individuals are at risk of developing age-related cognitive decline. Physical exercise has been demonstrated to enhance cognitive performance in aging adults. This study examined the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on cognitive performance and cardior...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fresc.2022.923141/full |
| _version_ | 1797969540082040832 |
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| author | Carrie A. Hinchman Danylo F. Cabral Marissa Ciesla Marti Flothmann Marti Flothmann Christina Nunez Jordyn Rice David A. Loewenstein Marcela Kitaigorodsky Lawrence P. Cahalin Tatjana Rundek Tatjana Rundek Alvaro Pascual-Leone Alvaro Pascual-Leone Alvaro Pascual-Leone Alvaro Pascual-Leone Alvaro Pascual-Leone Gabriele Cattaneo Gabriele Cattaneo Joyce Gomes-Osman Joyce Gomes-Osman Joyce Gomes-Osman |
| author_facet | Carrie A. Hinchman Danylo F. Cabral Marissa Ciesla Marti Flothmann Marti Flothmann Christina Nunez Jordyn Rice David A. Loewenstein Marcela Kitaigorodsky Lawrence P. Cahalin Tatjana Rundek Tatjana Rundek Alvaro Pascual-Leone Alvaro Pascual-Leone Alvaro Pascual-Leone Alvaro Pascual-Leone Alvaro Pascual-Leone Gabriele Cattaneo Gabriele Cattaneo Joyce Gomes-Osman Joyce Gomes-Osman Joyce Gomes-Osman |
| author_sort | Carrie A. Hinchman |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | BackgroundWith our aging population, many individuals are at risk of developing age-related cognitive decline. Physical exercise has been demonstrated to enhance cognitive performance in aging adults. This study examined the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on cognitive performance and cardiorespiratory fitness in sedentary aging adults at risk for cognitive decline.MethodsFifty-two participants (age 62.9 ± 6.8, 76.9% female) engaged in eight weeks of moderate-to high-intensity exercise (19 in-person, 33 remotely). Global cognition was measured by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status, the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System, and the Digit Span subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Fourth Edition. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured via heart rate recovery at minute 1 (HRR1) and 2 (HRR2), and exercise engagement (defined as percent of total exercise time spent in the prescribed heart rate zone). We measured pre and post changes using paired t-tests and mixed effects models, and investigated the association between cardiorespiratory and cognitive performance using multiple regression models. Cohen's d were calculated to estimate effect sizes.ResultsOverall, 63.4 % of participants demonstrated high engagement (≥ 70% total exercise time spent in the prescribed heart rate zone). There were significant pre-post improvements in verbal fluency and verbal memory, and a significant decrement in working memory, but these were associated with small effect sizes (Cohen's d <0.5). Concerning cardiorespiratory fitness, there was a pre-to-post significant improvement in HRR1 (p = 0.01, d = 0.30) and HRR2 (p < 0.001, d = 0.50). Multiple regressions revealed significant associations between cardiorespiratory and cognitive performance, but all were associated with small effect sizes (Cohen's d < 0.5). Interestingly, there were significant between-group differences in exercise engagement (all p < 0.001), with remote participants demonstrating greater exercise engagement than in-person participants.ConclusionImprovements in cognition and cardiorespiratory fitness were observed after 8 weeks of moderate to high-intensity exercise in aging adults. These results suggest that committing to a regular exercise regimen, even for a brief two-month period, can promote improvements in both cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive performance, and that improvements are driven by exercise engagement. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T03:02:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-506e320226f94ac5b3f5654d6afde57d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-6861 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T03:02:44Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-506e320226f94ac5b3f5654d6afde57d2023-01-02T13:44:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences2673-68612022-08-01310.3389/fresc.2022.923141923141Exercise engagement drives changes in cognition and cardiorespiratory fitness after 8 weeks of aerobic training in sedentary aging adults at risk of cognitive declineCarrie A. Hinchman0Danylo F. Cabral1Marissa Ciesla2Marti Flothmann3Marti Flothmann4Christina Nunez5Jordyn Rice6David A. Loewenstein7Marcela Kitaigorodsky8Lawrence P. Cahalin9Tatjana Rundek10Tatjana Rundek11Alvaro Pascual-Leone12Alvaro Pascual-Leone13Alvaro Pascual-Leone14Alvaro Pascual-Leone15Alvaro Pascual-Leone16Gabriele Cattaneo17Gabriele Cattaneo18Joyce Gomes-Osman19Joyce Gomes-Osman20Joyce Gomes-Osman21School of Medicine, New York Medical College, Valhalla, NY, United StatesDepartment of Physical Therapy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, United StatesLinus Health, Waltham, MA, United StatesDepartment of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesEvelyn McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesDepartment of Physical Therapy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, United StatesDepartment of Physical Therapy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, United StatesCenter for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesCenter for Cognitive Neuroscience and Aging, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesDepartment of Physical Therapy, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Coral Gables, FL, United StatesDepartment of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesEvelyn McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesLinus Health, Waltham, MA, United StatesDepartment of Neurology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United StatesHinda and Arthur Marcus Institute for Aging Research, Hebrew SeniorLife, Rosindale, MA, United StatesDeanna and Sidney Wolk Center for Memory Health, Hebrew SeniorLife, Rosindale, MA, United States0Guttmann Brain Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain0Guttmann Brain Health Institute, Barcelona, Spain1August Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute, Barcelona, SpainLinus Health, Waltham, MA, United StatesDepartment of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesEvelyn McKnight Brain Institute, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United StatesBackgroundWith our aging population, many individuals are at risk of developing age-related cognitive decline. Physical exercise has been demonstrated to enhance cognitive performance in aging adults. This study examined the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic exercise on cognitive performance and cardiorespiratory fitness in sedentary aging adults at risk for cognitive decline.MethodsFifty-two participants (age 62.9 ± 6.8, 76.9% female) engaged in eight weeks of moderate-to high-intensity exercise (19 in-person, 33 remotely). Global cognition was measured by the Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status, the Delis-Kaplan Executive Function System, and the Digit Span subtest of the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) Fourth Edition. Cardiorespiratory fitness was measured via heart rate recovery at minute 1 (HRR1) and 2 (HRR2), and exercise engagement (defined as percent of total exercise time spent in the prescribed heart rate zone). We measured pre and post changes using paired t-tests and mixed effects models, and investigated the association between cardiorespiratory and cognitive performance using multiple regression models. Cohen's d were calculated to estimate effect sizes.ResultsOverall, 63.4 % of participants demonstrated high engagement (≥ 70% total exercise time spent in the prescribed heart rate zone). There were significant pre-post improvements in verbal fluency and verbal memory, and a significant decrement in working memory, but these were associated with small effect sizes (Cohen's d <0.5). Concerning cardiorespiratory fitness, there was a pre-to-post significant improvement in HRR1 (p = 0.01, d = 0.30) and HRR2 (p < 0.001, d = 0.50). Multiple regressions revealed significant associations between cardiorespiratory and cognitive performance, but all were associated with small effect sizes (Cohen's d < 0.5). Interestingly, there were significant between-group differences in exercise engagement (all p < 0.001), with remote participants demonstrating greater exercise engagement than in-person participants.ConclusionImprovements in cognition and cardiorespiratory fitness were observed after 8 weeks of moderate to high-intensity exercise in aging adults. These results suggest that committing to a regular exercise regimen, even for a brief two-month period, can promote improvements in both cardiorespiratory fitness and cognitive performance, and that improvements are driven by exercise engagement.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fresc.2022.923141/fullaerobic exercisecognitive enhancementcardiorespiratory fitnessexercise engagementaging adults |
| spellingShingle | Carrie A. Hinchman Danylo F. Cabral Marissa Ciesla Marti Flothmann Marti Flothmann Christina Nunez Jordyn Rice David A. Loewenstein Marcela Kitaigorodsky Lawrence P. Cahalin Tatjana Rundek Tatjana Rundek Alvaro Pascual-Leone Alvaro Pascual-Leone Alvaro Pascual-Leone Alvaro Pascual-Leone Alvaro Pascual-Leone Gabriele Cattaneo Gabriele Cattaneo Joyce Gomes-Osman Joyce Gomes-Osman Joyce Gomes-Osman Exercise engagement drives changes in cognition and cardiorespiratory fitness after 8 weeks of aerobic training in sedentary aging adults at risk of cognitive decline Frontiers in Rehabilitation Sciences aerobic exercise cognitive enhancement cardiorespiratory fitness exercise engagement aging adults |
| title | Exercise engagement drives changes in cognition and cardiorespiratory fitness after 8 weeks of aerobic training in sedentary aging adults at risk of cognitive decline |
| title_full | Exercise engagement drives changes in cognition and cardiorespiratory fitness after 8 weeks of aerobic training in sedentary aging adults at risk of cognitive decline |
| title_fullStr | Exercise engagement drives changes in cognition and cardiorespiratory fitness after 8 weeks of aerobic training in sedentary aging adults at risk of cognitive decline |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exercise engagement drives changes in cognition and cardiorespiratory fitness after 8 weeks of aerobic training in sedentary aging adults at risk of cognitive decline |
| title_short | Exercise engagement drives changes in cognition and cardiorespiratory fitness after 8 weeks of aerobic training in sedentary aging adults at risk of cognitive decline |
| title_sort | exercise engagement drives changes in cognition and cardiorespiratory fitness after 8 weeks of aerobic training in sedentary aging adults at risk of cognitive decline |
| topic | aerobic exercise cognitive enhancement cardiorespiratory fitness exercise engagement aging adults |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fresc.2022.923141/full |
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