<i>CKLF</i> as a Prognostic Biomarker and Its Association with Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma
The Chemokine-like factor (<i>CKLF</i>)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing (<i>CMTM</i>) family, comprising nine members, is involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of various cancers. However, the expression profiles and clinical significance of <i>CMTM&...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Current Oncology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/30/3/202 |
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| author | Dan Li Shenglan Huang Chen Luo Yongkang Xu Shumin Fu Kan Liu Jianbing Wu |
| author_facet | Dan Li Shenglan Huang Chen Luo Yongkang Xu Shumin Fu Kan Liu Jianbing Wu |
| author_sort | Dan Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The Chemokine-like factor (<i>CKLF</i>)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing (<i>CMTM</i>) family, comprising nine members, is involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of various cancers. However, the expression profiles and clinical significance of <i>CMTM</i> family members in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not fully clarified. In this study, the RNA-sequencing and clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. The Kaplan–Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic significance of <i>CMTM</i> family members. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and ESTIMATE algorithms were employed to explore the relationship between <i>CMTM</i> family genes and the tumor microenvironment in HCC. Finally, the prognostic <i>CMTM</i> family gene expression was further validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining in clinical HCC tissue specimens. The results indicated that, compared with normal tissues, the expression of <i>CKLF</i>, <i>CMTM1</i>, <i>CMTM3</i>, <i>CMTM4</i>, <i>CMTM7</i>, and <i>CMTM8</i> were significantly upregulated in HCC, while the expression of <i>CMTM2</i>, <i>CMTM5</i>, and <i>CMTM6</i> were significantly downregulated in HCC. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that <i>CKLF</i> was an independent prognostic biomarker for the overall survival (OS) of HCC patients. In HCC, the expression of <i>CKLF</i> was found to be correlated with immune cell infiltration, immune-related functions, and immune checkpoint genes. The qRT-PCR and IHC confirmed that <i>CKLF</i> was highly expressed in HCC. Overall, this research suggested that <i>CKLF</i> is involved in immune cell infiltration and may serve as a critical prognostic biomarker, which provides new light on the therapeutics for HCC. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:41:42Z |
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| id | doaj.art-507f693e0e5d4566a3e9082aecb0408e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1198-0052 1718-7729 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T06:41:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| series | Current Oncology |
| spelling | doaj.art-507f693e0e5d4566a3e9082aecb0408e2023-11-17T10:30:38ZengMDPI AGCurrent Oncology1198-00521718-77292023-02-013032653267210.3390/curroncol30030202<i>CKLF</i> as a Prognostic Biomarker and Its Association with Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular CarcinomaDan Li0Shenglan Huang1Chen Luo2Yongkang Xu3Shumin Fu4Kan Liu5Jianbing Wu6Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, ChinaDepartment of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, ChinaDepartment of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, ChinaDepartment of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, ChinaDepartment of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, ChinaDepartment of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, ChinaDepartment of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang 330006, ChinaThe Chemokine-like factor (<i>CKLF</i>)-like MARVEL transmembrane domain-containing (<i>CMTM</i>) family, comprising nine members, is involved in the tumorigenesis and progression of various cancers. However, the expression profiles and clinical significance of <i>CMTM</i> family members in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are not fully clarified. In this study, the RNA-sequencing and clinical data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) databases. The Kaplan–Meier method and the Cox proportional hazards regression analysis were used to evaluate the prognostic significance of <i>CMTM</i> family members. Single-sample gene set enrichment analysis (ssGSEA) and ESTIMATE algorithms were employed to explore the relationship between <i>CMTM</i> family genes and the tumor microenvironment in HCC. Finally, the prognostic <i>CMTM</i> family gene expression was further validated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunohistochemical (IHC) staining in clinical HCC tissue specimens. The results indicated that, compared with normal tissues, the expression of <i>CKLF</i>, <i>CMTM1</i>, <i>CMTM3</i>, <i>CMTM4</i>, <i>CMTM7</i>, and <i>CMTM8</i> were significantly upregulated in HCC, while the expression of <i>CMTM2</i>, <i>CMTM5</i>, and <i>CMTM6</i> were significantly downregulated in HCC. Univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis demonstrated that <i>CKLF</i> was an independent prognostic biomarker for the overall survival (OS) of HCC patients. In HCC, the expression of <i>CKLF</i> was found to be correlated with immune cell infiltration, immune-related functions, and immune checkpoint genes. The qRT-PCR and IHC confirmed that <i>CKLF</i> was highly expressed in HCC. Overall, this research suggested that <i>CKLF</i> is involved in immune cell infiltration and may serve as a critical prognostic biomarker, which provides new light on the therapeutics for HCC.https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/30/3/202<i>CMTM</i> family memberhepatocellular carcinomaimmune infiltrationprognosissurvival |
| spellingShingle | Dan Li Shenglan Huang Chen Luo Yongkang Xu Shumin Fu Kan Liu Jianbing Wu <i>CKLF</i> as a Prognostic Biomarker and Its Association with Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma Current Oncology <i>CMTM</i> family member hepatocellular carcinoma immune infiltration prognosis survival |
| title | <i>CKLF</i> as a Prognostic Biomarker and Its Association with Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
| title_full | <i>CKLF</i> as a Prognostic Biomarker and Its Association with Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
| title_fullStr | <i>CKLF</i> as a Prognostic Biomarker and Its Association with Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>CKLF</i> as a Prognostic Biomarker and Its Association with Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
| title_short | <i>CKLF</i> as a Prognostic Biomarker and Its Association with Immune Infiltration in Hepatocellular Carcinoma |
| title_sort | i cklf i as a prognostic biomarker and its association with immune infiltration in hepatocellular carcinoma |
| topic | <i>CMTM</i> family member hepatocellular carcinoma immune infiltration prognosis survival |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1718-7729/30/3/202 |
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