The effects of lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic on fetal movement profiles
Abstract Purpose The current study investigated the direct impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on fetal movements, addressing a critical research gap. While previous research has predominantly examined the effects of lockdown on maternal health and postnatal outcomes, little attention has been paid to t...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-024-06259-8 |
| _version_ | 1797355429363187712 |
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| author | N. Reissland B Ustun J. Einbeck |
| author_facet | N. Reissland B Ustun J. Einbeck |
| author_sort | N. Reissland |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Purpose The current study investigated the direct impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on fetal movements, addressing a critical research gap. While previous research has predominantly examined the effects of lockdown on maternal health and postnatal outcomes, little attention has been paid to the direct consequences on fetal well-being as indicated by their movement profile. Methods We conducted analysis of movement profiles in 20 healthy fetuses during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown (third national UK lockdown period between January and March 2021) and compared them with 20 healthy fetuses from pre-covid pregnancies, all at 32 weeks gestation. We controlled for maternal stress, depression, and anxiety. Results Pregnant mothers during pre-covid compared with those during the COVID-19 lockdown reported similar levels of stress (p = 0.47), depression (p = 0.15), and anxiety (p = 0.07). Their fetuses, however, differed in their movement profiles with mouth movement frequencies significantly higher during COVID-19 lockdown (COVID-19 lockdown: mean of 5.909) compared to pre-Covid pregnancies (mean of 3.308; p = 0.029). Furthermore, controlling for maternal anxiety a regression analysis indicated that frequency of fetal mouth movements (p = 0.017), upper face movements (p = 0.008), and touch movements (p = 0.031) were all significantly higher in fetuses observed during lockdown compared to fetuses before the Covid period. Conclusion Fetuses show an effect of lockdown independent of maternal anxiety, stress, or depression. These findings contribute to our understanding of fetal development during extraordinary circumstances, raising questions about the potential effects of having to stay indoors during lockdowns. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:11:06Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5086990d3d334afab2d7366599da2d79 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2393 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T14:11:06Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth |
| spelling | doaj.art-5086990d3d334afab2d7366599da2d792024-01-14T12:41:57ZengBMCBMC Pregnancy and Childbirth1471-23932024-01-012411710.1186/s12884-024-06259-8The effects of lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic on fetal movement profilesN. Reissland0B Ustun1J. Einbeck2Department of Psychology, Durham UniversityDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University & ResearchDepartment of Mathematical Sciences, Durham UniversityAbstract Purpose The current study investigated the direct impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on fetal movements, addressing a critical research gap. While previous research has predominantly examined the effects of lockdown on maternal health and postnatal outcomes, little attention has been paid to the direct consequences on fetal well-being as indicated by their movement profile. Methods We conducted analysis of movement profiles in 20 healthy fetuses during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown (third national UK lockdown period between January and March 2021) and compared them with 20 healthy fetuses from pre-covid pregnancies, all at 32 weeks gestation. We controlled for maternal stress, depression, and anxiety. Results Pregnant mothers during pre-covid compared with those during the COVID-19 lockdown reported similar levels of stress (p = 0.47), depression (p = 0.15), and anxiety (p = 0.07). Their fetuses, however, differed in their movement profiles with mouth movement frequencies significantly higher during COVID-19 lockdown (COVID-19 lockdown: mean of 5.909) compared to pre-Covid pregnancies (mean of 3.308; p = 0.029). Furthermore, controlling for maternal anxiety a regression analysis indicated that frequency of fetal mouth movements (p = 0.017), upper face movements (p = 0.008), and touch movements (p = 0.031) were all significantly higher in fetuses observed during lockdown compared to fetuses before the Covid period. Conclusion Fetuses show an effect of lockdown independent of maternal anxiety, stress, or depression. These findings contribute to our understanding of fetal development during extraordinary circumstances, raising questions about the potential effects of having to stay indoors during lockdowns.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-024-06259-8COVID-19 pandemic lockdownPregnancyMental healthFetal movement profileNatural light exposure |
| spellingShingle | N. Reissland B Ustun J. Einbeck The effects of lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic on fetal movement profiles BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth COVID-19 pandemic lockdown Pregnancy Mental health Fetal movement profile Natural light exposure |
| title | The effects of lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic on fetal movement profiles |
| title_full | The effects of lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic on fetal movement profiles |
| title_fullStr | The effects of lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic on fetal movement profiles |
| title_full_unstemmed | The effects of lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic on fetal movement profiles |
| title_short | The effects of lockdown during the COVID-19 pandemic on fetal movement profiles |
| title_sort | effects of lockdown during the covid 19 pandemic on fetal movement profiles |
| topic | COVID-19 pandemic lockdown Pregnancy Mental health Fetal movement profile Natural light exposure |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12884-024-06259-8 |
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