The Association between Serum Copper and Bone Mineral Density among Adolescents Aged 12 to 19 in the United States
Bone mineral density (BMD) is a key parameter widely used in the assessment of bone health. Although many investigations have explored the relationship between trace elements and BMD, there are fewer studies focused on serum copper and BMD, especially for adolescents. Using data extracted from the N...
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/3/453 |
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| author | Haobiao Liu Miaoye Bao Mian Liu Feidan Deng Xinyue Wen Ping Wan Xue Lin Guoqiang Dong Zhaoyang Li Jing Han |
| author_facet | Haobiao Liu Miaoye Bao Mian Liu Feidan Deng Xinyue Wen Ping Wan Xue Lin Guoqiang Dong Zhaoyang Li Jing Han |
| author_sort | Haobiao Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bone mineral density (BMD) is a key parameter widely used in the assessment of bone health. Although many investigations have explored the relationship between trace elements and BMD, there are fewer studies focused on serum copper and BMD, especially for adolescents. Using data extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we applied a multiple-linear regression and smooth curve fitting to assess the relationship between serum copper and BMD. A total of 910 participants were finally included in this study. After adjusting for relevant covariates, serum copper was negatively associated with lumbar spine BMD (β = −0.057, 95% CI: −0.109 to −0.005), trunk bone BMD (β = −0.068, 95% CI: −0.110 to −0.026), pelvis BMD (β = −0.085, 95% CI: −0.145 to −0.024), subtotal BMD (β = −0.072, 95% CI: −0.111 to −0.033), and total BMD (β = −0.051, 95% CI: −0.087 to −0.016) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In quartile analysis, the highest level of serum copper was associated with decreased BMD when compared with those at the lowest quartile (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The stratified analysis revealed a significant interaction between age and the effects of serum copper on trunk bone BMD (<i>p</i> = 0.022) and pelvis BMD (<i>p</i> = 0.018). Meanwhile, the higher level of serum copper was negatively associated with BMD in males, and gender modified the relationship (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Future longitudinal studies will be necessary for a more definitive interpretation of our results. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:50:38Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:50:38Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
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| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-50893d78d27b484a9309ce4cdf5d2fee2024-02-09T15:20:02ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432024-02-0116345310.3390/nu16030453The Association between Serum Copper and Bone Mineral Density among Adolescents Aged 12 to 19 in the United StatesHaobiao Liu0Miaoye Bao1Mian Liu2Feidan Deng3Xinyue Wen4Ping Wan5Xue Lin6Guoqiang Dong7Zhaoyang Li8Jing Han9Department of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, ChinaDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, ChinaDepartment of Bioengineering, College of Life Sciences, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou 350117, ChinaDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, ChinaDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, ChinaDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, ChinaDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, ChinaInstitute of Industrial Hygiene of Ordance Industry, Xi’an 710065, ChinaDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, ChinaDepartment of Occupational and Environmental Health, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, ChinaBone mineral density (BMD) is a key parameter widely used in the assessment of bone health. Although many investigations have explored the relationship between trace elements and BMD, there are fewer studies focused on serum copper and BMD, especially for adolescents. Using data extracted from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we applied a multiple-linear regression and smooth curve fitting to assess the relationship between serum copper and BMD. A total of 910 participants were finally included in this study. After adjusting for relevant covariates, serum copper was negatively associated with lumbar spine BMD (β = −0.057, 95% CI: −0.109 to −0.005), trunk bone BMD (β = −0.068, 95% CI: −0.110 to −0.026), pelvis BMD (β = −0.085, 95% CI: −0.145 to −0.024), subtotal BMD (β = −0.072, 95% CI: −0.111 to −0.033), and total BMD (β = −0.051, 95% CI: −0.087 to −0.016) (<i>p</i> < 0.05). In quartile analysis, the highest level of serum copper was associated with decreased BMD when compared with those at the lowest quartile (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The stratified analysis revealed a significant interaction between age and the effects of serum copper on trunk bone BMD (<i>p</i> = 0.022) and pelvis BMD (<i>p</i> = 0.018). Meanwhile, the higher level of serum copper was negatively associated with BMD in males, and gender modified the relationship (<i>p</i> < 0.001). Future longitudinal studies will be necessary for a more definitive interpretation of our results.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/3/453serum copperbone mineral densityadolescentscross-sectional studyNHANES |
| spellingShingle | Haobiao Liu Miaoye Bao Mian Liu Feidan Deng Xinyue Wen Ping Wan Xue Lin Guoqiang Dong Zhaoyang Li Jing Han The Association between Serum Copper and Bone Mineral Density among Adolescents Aged 12 to 19 in the United States Nutrients serum copper bone mineral density adolescents cross-sectional study NHANES |
| title | The Association between Serum Copper and Bone Mineral Density among Adolescents Aged 12 to 19 in the United States |
| title_full | The Association between Serum Copper and Bone Mineral Density among Adolescents Aged 12 to 19 in the United States |
| title_fullStr | The Association between Serum Copper and Bone Mineral Density among Adolescents Aged 12 to 19 in the United States |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Association between Serum Copper and Bone Mineral Density among Adolescents Aged 12 to 19 in the United States |
| title_short | The Association between Serum Copper and Bone Mineral Density among Adolescents Aged 12 to 19 in the United States |
| title_sort | association between serum copper and bone mineral density among adolescents aged 12 to 19 in the united states |
| topic | serum copper bone mineral density adolescents cross-sectional study NHANES |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/3/453 |
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