Impact of subsidies and socioeconomic status on varicella vaccination in Greater Tokyo, Japan
Background: Although the control of varicella outbreaks is an important health issue, cost could present a major barrier for vaccination The aim of this study is to investigate the association of vaccine subsidies and caregivers’ socioeconomic status with varicella vaccine coverage of their children...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2016-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fped.2016.00019/full |
| _version_ | 1818292941666385920 |
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| author | Kei eNagaoka Takeo eFujiwara |
| author_facet | Kei eNagaoka Takeo eFujiwara |
| author_sort | Kei eNagaoka |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Although the control of varicella outbreaks is an important health issue, cost could present a major barrier for vaccination The aim of this study is to investigate the association of vaccine subsidies and caregivers’ socioeconomic status with varicella vaccine coverage of their children in Greater Tokyo, Japan, before the period that varicella vaccination was included as routine immunization program.Methods: Participants were recruited from two different cities. In Chiba city, parents of 18-month-old infants (N = 378) undergoing a medical examination in July 2013 were recruited at a clinic where no subsidy for varicella immunization was provided. In Nishitokyo city, parents of 24- to 30-month-old children (N=315) undergoing a health check-up in July and August 2013 were recruited at a clinic where a partial subsidy was provided. The association between household income and varicella immunization was investigated by multivariate logistic regression stratified by city.Results: Vaccine coverage was 61.0% in Chiba city and 73.3% in Nishitokyo city. In Chiba city, odds ratios of middle and high household income for varicella immunization were 4.22 (95% CI (confidence interval): 1.65-10.7) and 5.94 (95% CI: 1.89-18.6) compared to low household income, respectively. However, household income was not associated with varicella vaccination in Nishitokyo city. Neither working status nor education was associated with vaccination in both cities. Conclusions: While household income was associated with high vaccine coverage in the city with no vaccine subsidy, this association was not observed in the city where the subsidy was given, which suggests that cost is a barrier for varicella immunization.Thus, in countries where varicella vaccination is not included in routine immunization program, introducing subsidies nationwide or routine immunization programs for varicella vaccination would be an important approach to eliminate inequality in vaccine coverage. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T03:07:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-508aaf263ac0456e86ca9771e68a15ea |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T03:07:58Z |
| publishDate | 2016-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-508aaf263ac0456e86ca9771e68a15ea2022-12-22T00:01:41ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pediatrics2296-23602016-03-01410.3389/fped.2016.00019180971Impact of subsidies and socioeconomic status on varicella vaccination in Greater Tokyo, JapanKei eNagaoka0Takeo eFujiwara1National Research Institute for Child Health and DevelopmentNational Research Institute for Child Health and DevelopmentBackground: Although the control of varicella outbreaks is an important health issue, cost could present a major barrier for vaccination The aim of this study is to investigate the association of vaccine subsidies and caregivers’ socioeconomic status with varicella vaccine coverage of their children in Greater Tokyo, Japan, before the period that varicella vaccination was included as routine immunization program.Methods: Participants were recruited from two different cities. In Chiba city, parents of 18-month-old infants (N = 378) undergoing a medical examination in July 2013 were recruited at a clinic where no subsidy for varicella immunization was provided. In Nishitokyo city, parents of 24- to 30-month-old children (N=315) undergoing a health check-up in July and August 2013 were recruited at a clinic where a partial subsidy was provided. The association between household income and varicella immunization was investigated by multivariate logistic regression stratified by city.Results: Vaccine coverage was 61.0% in Chiba city and 73.3% in Nishitokyo city. In Chiba city, odds ratios of middle and high household income for varicella immunization were 4.22 (95% CI (confidence interval): 1.65-10.7) and 5.94 (95% CI: 1.89-18.6) compared to low household income, respectively. However, household income was not associated with varicella vaccination in Nishitokyo city. Neither working status nor education was associated with vaccination in both cities. Conclusions: While household income was associated with high vaccine coverage in the city with no vaccine subsidy, this association was not observed in the city where the subsidy was given, which suggests that cost is a barrier for varicella immunization.Thus, in countries where varicella vaccination is not included in routine immunization program, introducing subsidies nationwide or routine immunization programs for varicella vaccination would be an important approach to eliminate inequality in vaccine coverage.http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fped.2016.00019/fullJapanVaricose VeinsVaccinesocioeconomic status (SES)Vaccine subsidy |
| spellingShingle | Kei eNagaoka Takeo eFujiwara Impact of subsidies and socioeconomic status on varicella vaccination in Greater Tokyo, Japan Frontiers in Pediatrics Japan Varicose Veins Vaccine socioeconomic status (SES) Vaccine subsidy |
| title | Impact of subsidies and socioeconomic status on varicella vaccination in Greater Tokyo, Japan |
| title_full | Impact of subsidies and socioeconomic status on varicella vaccination in Greater Tokyo, Japan |
| title_fullStr | Impact of subsidies and socioeconomic status on varicella vaccination in Greater Tokyo, Japan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of subsidies and socioeconomic status on varicella vaccination in Greater Tokyo, Japan |
| title_short | Impact of subsidies and socioeconomic status on varicella vaccination in Greater Tokyo, Japan |
| title_sort | impact of subsidies and socioeconomic status on varicella vaccination in greater tokyo japan |
| topic | Japan Varicose Veins Vaccine socioeconomic status (SES) Vaccine subsidy |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/Journal/10.3389/fped.2016.00019/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT keienagaoka impactofsubsidiesandsocioeconomicstatusonvaricellavaccinationingreatertokyojapan AT takeoefujiwara impactofsubsidiesandsocioeconomicstatusonvaricellavaccinationingreatertokyojapan |