A Novel Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment Approach to Air Emissions and Human Health Impacts of Liquefied Natural Gas Supply Chain
Global interest in LNG products and supply chains is growing, and demand continues to rise. As a clean energy source, LNG can nevertheless emit air pollutants, albeit at a lower level than transitional energy sources. An LNG plant capable of producing up to 126 MMTA was successfully developed and si...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-10-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/19/6278 |
| _version_ | 1797516570967146496 |
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| author | Hussein Al-Yafei Murat Kucukvar Ahmed AlNouss Saleh Aseel Nuri C. Onat |
| author_facet | Hussein Al-Yafei Murat Kucukvar Ahmed AlNouss Saleh Aseel Nuri C. Onat |
| author_sort | Hussein Al-Yafei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Global interest in LNG products and supply chains is growing, and demand continues to rise. As a clean energy source, LNG can nevertheless emit air pollutants, albeit at a lower level than transitional energy sources. An LNG plant capable of producing up to 126 MMTA was successfully developed and simulated in this study. A hybrid life cycle assessment model was developed to examine the social and human health impacts of the LNG supply chain’s environmental air emission formation. The Multiregional Input–Output (MRIO) database, the Aspen HYSYS model, and the LNG Maritime Transportation Emission Quantification Tool are the key sources of information for this extensive novel study. We began our research by grouping environmental emissions sources according to the participation of each stage in the supply chain. The MDEA Sweetening plant, LNG loading (export terminal), and LNG transportation stages were discovered to have the maximum air emissions. The midpoint air emissions data estimated each stage’s CO<sub>2</sub>-eq, NO<sub>x</sub>-eq, and PM2.5-eq emissions per unit LNG generated. According to the midpoint analysis results, the LNG loading terminal has the most considerable normalized CO<sub>2</sub>-eq and NO<sub>x</sub>-eq emission contribution across all LNG supply chain stages. Furthermore, the most incredible intensity value for normalized PM2.5-eq was recorded in the SRU and TGTU units. Following the midpoint results, the social human health impact findings were calculated using ReCiPe 2016 characterization factors to quantify the daily loss of life associated with the LNG process chain. SRU and TGTU units have the most significant social human health impact, followed by LNG loading (export terminal) with about 7409.0 and 1203.9 (DALY/million Ton LNG produced annually), respectively. Natural gas extraction and NGL recovery and fractionation units are the lowest for social human health consequences. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:02:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-508e582678974d9b8a4e8fd4eea24247 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:02:45Z |
| publishDate | 2021-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-508e582678974d9b8a4e8fd4eea242472023-11-22T16:01:59ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732021-10-011419627810.3390/en14196278A Novel Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment Approach to Air Emissions and Human Health Impacts of Liquefied Natural Gas Supply ChainHussein Al-Yafei0Murat Kucukvar1Ahmed AlNouss2Saleh Aseel3Nuri C. Onat4Engineering Management, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, QatarMechanical and Industrial Engineering, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, QatarDivision of Sustainable Development, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Qatar Foundation, Doha P.O. Box 34110, QatarEngineering Management, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, QatarQatar Transportation and Traffic Safety Center, College of Engineering, Qatar University, Doha P.O. Box 2713, QatarGlobal interest in LNG products and supply chains is growing, and demand continues to rise. As a clean energy source, LNG can nevertheless emit air pollutants, albeit at a lower level than transitional energy sources. An LNG plant capable of producing up to 126 MMTA was successfully developed and simulated in this study. A hybrid life cycle assessment model was developed to examine the social and human health impacts of the LNG supply chain’s environmental air emission formation. The Multiregional Input–Output (MRIO) database, the Aspen HYSYS model, and the LNG Maritime Transportation Emission Quantification Tool are the key sources of information for this extensive novel study. We began our research by grouping environmental emissions sources according to the participation of each stage in the supply chain. The MDEA Sweetening plant, LNG loading (export terminal), and LNG transportation stages were discovered to have the maximum air emissions. The midpoint air emissions data estimated each stage’s CO<sub>2</sub>-eq, NO<sub>x</sub>-eq, and PM2.5-eq emissions per unit LNG generated. According to the midpoint analysis results, the LNG loading terminal has the most considerable normalized CO<sub>2</sub>-eq and NO<sub>x</sub>-eq emission contribution across all LNG supply chain stages. Furthermore, the most incredible intensity value for normalized PM2.5-eq was recorded in the SRU and TGTU units. Following the midpoint results, the social human health impact findings were calculated using ReCiPe 2016 characterization factors to quantify the daily loss of life associated with the LNG process chain. SRU and TGTU units have the most significant social human health impact, followed by LNG loading (export terminal) with about 7409.0 and 1203.9 (DALY/million Ton LNG produced annually), respectively. Natural gas extraction and NGL recovery and fractionation units are the lowest for social human health consequences.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/19/6278liquified natural gassupply chainair emissionshuman healthhybrid life cycle assessmentenvironmental policy |
| spellingShingle | Hussein Al-Yafei Murat Kucukvar Ahmed AlNouss Saleh Aseel Nuri C. Onat A Novel Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment Approach to Air Emissions and Human Health Impacts of Liquefied Natural Gas Supply Chain Energies liquified natural gas supply chain air emissions human health hybrid life cycle assessment environmental policy |
| title | A Novel Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment Approach to Air Emissions and Human Health Impacts of Liquefied Natural Gas Supply Chain |
| title_full | A Novel Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment Approach to Air Emissions and Human Health Impacts of Liquefied Natural Gas Supply Chain |
| title_fullStr | A Novel Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment Approach to Air Emissions and Human Health Impacts of Liquefied Natural Gas Supply Chain |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Novel Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment Approach to Air Emissions and Human Health Impacts of Liquefied Natural Gas Supply Chain |
| title_short | A Novel Hybrid Life Cycle Assessment Approach to Air Emissions and Human Health Impacts of Liquefied Natural Gas Supply Chain |
| title_sort | novel hybrid life cycle assessment approach to air emissions and human health impacts of liquefied natural gas supply chain |
| topic | liquified natural gas supply chain air emissions human health hybrid life cycle assessment environmental policy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/14/19/6278 |
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