Mono- and Digalactosyldiacylglycerol Lipids Function Nonredundantly to Regulate Systemic Acquired Resistance in Plants
Summary: The plant galactolipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) have been linked to the anti-inflammatory and cancer benefits of a green leafy vegetable diet in humans due to their ability to regulate the levels of free radicals like nitric oxide (NO). Here...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2014-12-01
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| Series: | Cell Reports |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211124714009541 |
| _version_ | 1818546159364341760 |
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| author | Qing-ming Gao Keshun Yu Ye Xia M.B. Shine Caixia Wang DuRoy Navarre Aardra Kachroo Pradeep Kachroo |
| author_facet | Qing-ming Gao Keshun Yu Ye Xia M.B. Shine Caixia Wang DuRoy Navarre Aardra Kachroo Pradeep Kachroo |
| author_sort | Qing-ming Gao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Summary: The plant galactolipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) have been linked to the anti-inflammatory and cancer benefits of a green leafy vegetable diet in humans due to their ability to regulate the levels of free radicals like nitric oxide (NO). Here, we show that DGDG contributes to plant NO as well as salicylic acid biosynthesis and is required for the induction of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). In contrast, MGDG regulates the biosynthesis of the SAR signals azelaic acid (AzA) and glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) that function downstream of NO. Interestingly, DGDG is also required for AzA-induced SAR, but MGDG is not. Notably, transgenic expression of a bacterial glucosyltransferase is unable to restore SAR in dgd1 plants even though it does rescue their morphological and fatty acid phenotypes. These results suggest that MGDG and DGDG are required at distinct steps and function exclusively in their individual roles during the induction of SAR. : The galactolipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) constitute ∼80% of total membrane lipids in plants. Gao et al. now show that these galactolipids function nonredundantly to regulate systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Furthermore, they show that the terminal galactose on the α-galactose-β-galactose head group of DGDG is critical for SAR. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-12T07:49:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-508e82082dec4465a447595eaecbe0b3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2211-1247 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-12T07:49:28Z |
| publishDate | 2014-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cell Reports |
| spelling | doaj.art-508e82082dec4465a447595eaecbe0b32022-12-22T00:32:29ZengElsevierCell Reports2211-12472014-12-019516811691Mono- and Digalactosyldiacylglycerol Lipids Function Nonredundantly to Regulate Systemic Acquired Resistance in PlantsQing-ming Gao0Keshun Yu1Ye Xia2M.B. Shine3Caixia Wang4DuRoy Navarre5Aardra Kachroo6Pradeep Kachroo7Department of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USADepartment of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USADepartment of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USADepartment of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USADepartment of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; Qingdao Agricultural University, Number 700, Changcheng Road, Chengyang District, Qingdao City 266109, PRCAgricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Washington State University, Prosser, WA 99350, USADepartment of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; Corresponding authorDepartment of Plant Pathology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA; Corresponding authorSummary: The plant galactolipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) have been linked to the anti-inflammatory and cancer benefits of a green leafy vegetable diet in humans due to their ability to regulate the levels of free radicals like nitric oxide (NO). Here, we show that DGDG contributes to plant NO as well as salicylic acid biosynthesis and is required for the induction of systemic acquired resistance (SAR). In contrast, MGDG regulates the biosynthesis of the SAR signals azelaic acid (AzA) and glycerol-3-phosphate (G3P) that function downstream of NO. Interestingly, DGDG is also required for AzA-induced SAR, but MGDG is not. Notably, transgenic expression of a bacterial glucosyltransferase is unable to restore SAR in dgd1 plants even though it does rescue their morphological and fatty acid phenotypes. These results suggest that MGDG and DGDG are required at distinct steps and function exclusively in their individual roles during the induction of SAR. : The galactolipids monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) constitute ∼80% of total membrane lipids in plants. Gao et al. now show that these galactolipids function nonredundantly to regulate systemic acquired resistance (SAR). Furthermore, they show that the terminal galactose on the α-galactose-β-galactose head group of DGDG is critical for SAR.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211124714009541 |
| spellingShingle | Qing-ming Gao Keshun Yu Ye Xia M.B. Shine Caixia Wang DuRoy Navarre Aardra Kachroo Pradeep Kachroo Mono- and Digalactosyldiacylglycerol Lipids Function Nonredundantly to Regulate Systemic Acquired Resistance in Plants Cell Reports |
| title | Mono- and Digalactosyldiacylglycerol Lipids Function Nonredundantly to Regulate Systemic Acquired Resistance in Plants |
| title_full | Mono- and Digalactosyldiacylglycerol Lipids Function Nonredundantly to Regulate Systemic Acquired Resistance in Plants |
| title_fullStr | Mono- and Digalactosyldiacylglycerol Lipids Function Nonredundantly to Regulate Systemic Acquired Resistance in Plants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mono- and Digalactosyldiacylglycerol Lipids Function Nonredundantly to Regulate Systemic Acquired Resistance in Plants |
| title_short | Mono- and Digalactosyldiacylglycerol Lipids Function Nonredundantly to Regulate Systemic Acquired Resistance in Plants |
| title_sort | mono and digalactosyldiacylglycerol lipids function nonredundantly to regulate systemic acquired resistance in plants |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2211124714009541 |
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