Biocide Tolerance and Impact of Sanitizer Concentrations on the Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Originating from Cheese
In this study, we determined and identified the bacterial diversity of different types of artisanal and industrially produced cheese. The antibiotic (erythromycin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, ampicillin, clindamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and gentamicin) and biocide (peracetic acid, sodium hyp...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/21/3937 |
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| author | Éva György Károly Arnold Unguran Éva Laslo |
| author_facet | Éva György Károly Arnold Unguran Éva Laslo |
| author_sort | Éva György |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, we determined and identified the bacterial diversity of different types of artisanal and industrially produced cheese. The antibiotic (erythromycin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, ampicillin, clindamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and gentamicin) and biocide (peracetic acid, sodium hypochlorite, and benzalkonium chloride) resistance of clinically relevant bacteria was determined as follows: <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Macrococcus caseolyticus</i>, <i>Bacillus</i> sp., <i>Kocuria varians</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, <i>Citrobacter freundii</i>, <i>Citrobacter pasteurii</i>, <i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i>, <i>Klebsiella michiganensis</i>, <i>Enterobacter</i> sp., <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i>, <i>Enterobacter sichuanensis</i>, <i>Raoultella ornithinolytica</i>, <i>Shigella flexneri</i>, and <i>Salmonella enterica.</i> Also, the effect of the sub-inhibitory concentration of three biocides on antibiotic resistance was determined. The microbiota of evaluated dairy products comprise diverse and heterogeneous groups of bacteria with respect to antibiotic and disinfectant tolerance. The results indicated that resistance was common in the case of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and streptomycin. <i>Bacillus</i> sp. SCSSZT2/3, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> SRGT/1, <i>E. coli</i> SAT/1, <i>Raoultella ornithinolytica</i> MTT/5, and <i>S. aureus</i> SIJ/2 showed resistance to most antibiotics. The tested bacteria showed sensitivity to peracetic acid and a different level of tolerance to benzalkonium chloride and sodium hypochlorite. The inhibition zone diameter of antibiotics against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> SZT/2, <i>S. aureus</i> JS11, <i>E. coli</i> CSKO2, and <i>Kocuria varians</i> GRT/10 was affected only by the sub-inhibitory concentration of peracetic acid. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:30:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5090ccb1f3624c538b6713be75d2056d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:30:38Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-5090ccb1f3624c538b6713be75d2056d2023-11-10T15:02:48ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582023-10-011221393710.3390/foods12213937Biocide Tolerance and Impact of Sanitizer Concentrations on the Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Originating from CheeseÉva György0Károly Arnold Unguran1Éva Laslo2Department of Food Science, Faculty of Economics, Socio-Human Sciences and Engineering, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, 530104 Miercurea Ciuc, RomaniaDepartment of Food Science, Faculty of Economics, Socio-Human Sciences and Engineering, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, 530104 Miercurea Ciuc, RomaniaDepartment of Food Science, Faculty of Economics, Socio-Human Sciences and Engineering, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, 530104 Miercurea Ciuc, RomaniaIn this study, we determined and identified the bacterial diversity of different types of artisanal and industrially produced cheese. The antibiotic (erythromycin, chloramphenicol, kanamycin, ampicillin, clindamycin, streptomycin, tetracycline, and gentamicin) and biocide (peracetic acid, sodium hypochlorite, and benzalkonium chloride) resistance of clinically relevant bacteria was determined as follows: <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>, <i>Macrococcus caseolyticus</i>, <i>Bacillus</i> sp., <i>Kocuria varians</i>, <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i>, <i>Citrobacter freundii</i>, <i>Citrobacter pasteurii</i>, <i>Klebsiella oxytoca</i>, <i>Klebsiella michiganensis</i>, <i>Enterobacter</i> sp., <i>Enterobacter cloacae</i>, <i>Enterobacter sichuanensis</i>, <i>Raoultella ornithinolytica</i>, <i>Shigella flexneri</i>, and <i>Salmonella enterica.</i> Also, the effect of the sub-inhibitory concentration of three biocides on antibiotic resistance was determined. The microbiota of evaluated dairy products comprise diverse and heterogeneous groups of bacteria with respect to antibiotic and disinfectant tolerance. The results indicated that resistance was common in the case of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, erythromycin, and streptomycin. <i>Bacillus</i> sp. SCSSZT2/3, <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> SRGT/1, <i>E. coli</i> SAT/1, <i>Raoultella ornithinolytica</i> MTT/5, and <i>S. aureus</i> SIJ/2 showed resistance to most antibiotics. The tested bacteria showed sensitivity to peracetic acid and a different level of tolerance to benzalkonium chloride and sodium hypochlorite. The inhibition zone diameter of antibiotics against <i>Enterococcus faecalis</i> SZT/2, <i>S. aureus</i> JS11, <i>E. coli</i> CSKO2, and <i>Kocuria varians</i> GRT/10 was affected only by the sub-inhibitory concentration of peracetic acid.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/21/3937cheesebacterial diversityantibiotic resistancedisinfectantstress tolerance |
| spellingShingle | Éva György Károly Arnold Unguran Éva Laslo Biocide Tolerance and Impact of Sanitizer Concentrations on the Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Originating from Cheese Foods cheese bacterial diversity antibiotic resistance disinfectant stress tolerance |
| title | Biocide Tolerance and Impact of Sanitizer Concentrations on the Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Originating from Cheese |
| title_full | Biocide Tolerance and Impact of Sanitizer Concentrations on the Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Originating from Cheese |
| title_fullStr | Biocide Tolerance and Impact of Sanitizer Concentrations on the Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Originating from Cheese |
| title_full_unstemmed | Biocide Tolerance and Impact of Sanitizer Concentrations on the Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Originating from Cheese |
| title_short | Biocide Tolerance and Impact of Sanitizer Concentrations on the Antibiotic Resistance of Bacteria Originating from Cheese |
| title_sort | biocide tolerance and impact of sanitizer concentrations on the antibiotic resistance of bacteria originating from cheese |
| topic | cheese bacterial diversity antibiotic resistance disinfectant stress tolerance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/12/21/3937 |
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