Active-Clamp Flyback Converter as Auxiliary Power-Supply of an 800 V Inductive-Charging System for Electric Vehicles
Investigation of active-clamped flyback (ACF) dc-dc converter 57W used as the auxiliary power-supply (APS) of an inductive-charging system (ICS) is presented. The ACF was supplied from variable-dc-link 800V which was challenge for its design. Anyway, some findings are applicable to any ACF. An overv...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2022-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9749268/ |
| _version_ | 1818480836883775488 |
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| author | Darko. Vracar Predrag V. Pejovic |
| author_facet | Darko. Vracar Predrag V. Pejovic |
| author_sort | Darko. Vracar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Investigation of active-clamped flyback (ACF) dc-dc converter 57W used as the auxiliary power-supply (APS) of an inductive-charging system (ICS) is presented. The ACF was supplied from variable-dc-link 800V which was challenge for its design. Anyway, some findings are applicable to any ACF. An overview of ACF control ICs is presented revealing that only two vendors have appropriate devices for ICS. The key-parts’ choice and suggestion of new features targeting ACF in this emerging-application are given. Striving for high switching-frequency in ICS is not needed due to large safety-distances of transformer. Measured “<italic>maximum-efficiency vs. magnetizing-inductance</italic>” graph showed that extremes are reached for 400<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{H}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. It was based on four transformers with manually-optimized resonant-tanks. Measurements of “<italic>circulating-power losses vs. input-voltage</italic>” are compared for several transformers. Those losses are in the range of few watts and increase with input-voltage. Measurements of “bandwidth, phase-margin and gain-margin vs. input-power”, for different input-voltages, are discussed. Those quantities were changeable with load and input-voltage as expected. The short-circuit behavior is analyzed showing that usage of the hybrid-clamp with multi-mode control-ICs is mandatory. Finally, comparison with conventional flyback and quasi-resonant flyback converters showed that both are ≈23% cheaper, occupy ≈11% less board-space, and have similar or higher efficiencies. The reason for such efficiency is that ACF circulating-power losses were high as well as dc-voltage-conversion-ratio. Although this is a drawback, for an APS the efficiency is not the key-parameter as long as there are no thermal problems. Moreover, as ACF converter is known for having less EMI-problems that could be the key-advantage for this application. But problem is not-enough electronic components on the market that are suitable for ICS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-10T11:27:40Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-50932143f0c44b37aa05ea1a8d0794b2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-10T11:27:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj.art-50932143f0c44b37aa05ea1a8d0794b22022-12-22T01:50:41ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362022-01-0110382543827110.1109/ACCESS.2022.31650599749268Active-Clamp Flyback Converter as Auxiliary Power-Supply of an 800 V Inductive-Charging System for Electric VehiclesDarko. Vracar0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5906-6464Predrag V. Pejovic1https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4064-6204School of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaSchool of Electrical Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, SerbiaInvestigation of active-clamped flyback (ACF) dc-dc converter 57W used as the auxiliary power-supply (APS) of an inductive-charging system (ICS) is presented. The ACF was supplied from variable-dc-link 800V which was challenge for its design. Anyway, some findings are applicable to any ACF. An overview of ACF control ICs is presented revealing that only two vendors have appropriate devices for ICS. The key-parts’ choice and suggestion of new features targeting ACF in this emerging-application are given. Striving for high switching-frequency in ICS is not needed due to large safety-distances of transformer. Measured “<italic>maximum-efficiency vs. magnetizing-inductance</italic>” graph showed that extremes are reached for 400<inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$\mu \text{H}$ </tex-math></inline-formula>. It was based on four transformers with manually-optimized resonant-tanks. Measurements of “<italic>circulating-power losses vs. input-voltage</italic>” are compared for several transformers. Those losses are in the range of few watts and increase with input-voltage. Measurements of “bandwidth, phase-margin and gain-margin vs. input-power”, for different input-voltages, are discussed. Those quantities were changeable with load and input-voltage as expected. The short-circuit behavior is analyzed showing that usage of the hybrid-clamp with multi-mode control-ICs is mandatory. Finally, comparison with conventional flyback and quasi-resonant flyback converters showed that both are ≈23% cheaper, occupy ≈11% less board-space, and have similar or higher efficiencies. The reason for such efficiency is that ACF circulating-power losses were high as well as dc-voltage-conversion-ratio. Although this is a drawback, for an APS the efficiency is not the key-parameter as long as there are no thermal problems. Moreover, as ACF converter is known for having less EMI-problems that could be the key-advantage for this application. But problem is not-enough electronic components on the market that are suitable for ICS.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9749268/Active-clamped flybackauxiliary power-supplycontroldc-dc converterinductive charging-systemquasi-resonant flyback |
| spellingShingle | Darko. Vracar Predrag V. Pejovic Active-Clamp Flyback Converter as Auxiliary Power-Supply of an 800 V Inductive-Charging System for Electric Vehicles IEEE Access Active-clamped flyback auxiliary power-supply control dc-dc converter inductive charging-system quasi-resonant flyback |
| title | Active-Clamp Flyback Converter as Auxiliary Power-Supply of an 800 V Inductive-Charging System for Electric Vehicles |
| title_full | Active-Clamp Flyback Converter as Auxiliary Power-Supply of an 800 V Inductive-Charging System for Electric Vehicles |
| title_fullStr | Active-Clamp Flyback Converter as Auxiliary Power-Supply of an 800 V Inductive-Charging System for Electric Vehicles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Active-Clamp Flyback Converter as Auxiliary Power-Supply of an 800 V Inductive-Charging System for Electric Vehicles |
| title_short | Active-Clamp Flyback Converter as Auxiliary Power-Supply of an 800 V Inductive-Charging System for Electric Vehicles |
| title_sort | active clamp flyback converter as auxiliary power supply of an 800 v inductive charging system for electric vehicles |
| topic | Active-clamped flyback auxiliary power-supply control dc-dc converter inductive charging-system quasi-resonant flyback |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9749268/ |
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