Dietary Isoleucine and Valine: Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Ureagenesis in Pigs Fed with Protein Restricted Diets
A mixture of valine (Val) and isoleucine (Ile) not only decreases the negative impact of very low protein (VLP) diets on the growth of pigs, but also influences the nitrogen (N) balance and lipid metabolism; however, the underlying pathways are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate th...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/1/89 |
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| author | Parniyan Goodarzi Mohammad Habibi Matthew William Gorton Katherine Walsh Firoozeh Tarkesh Mallory Fuhrig Adel Pezeshki |
| author_facet | Parniyan Goodarzi Mohammad Habibi Matthew William Gorton Katherine Walsh Firoozeh Tarkesh Mallory Fuhrig Adel Pezeshki |
| author_sort | Parniyan Goodarzi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A mixture of valine (Val) and isoleucine (Ile) not only decreases the negative impact of very low protein (VLP) diets on the growth of pigs, but also influences the nitrogen (N) balance and lipid metabolism; however, the underlying pathways are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary Val and Ile on lipogenesis, lipolysis, and ureagenesis under protein restriction. After one week of acclimation, forty three-week-old pigs were randomly assigned to following dietary treatments (<i>n</i> = 8/group) for 5 weeks: positive control (PC): normal protein diet; negative control (NC): VLP diet; HV: NC supplemented with Val; HI: NC supplemented with Ile; and HVI: NC supplemented with both Val and Ile. HVI partially improved the body weight and completely recovered the feed intake (FI) of pigs fed with NC. HVI increased thermal radiation and improved the glucose clearance. HVI had a lower blood triglyceride than PC and blood urea N than NC. NC and HV promoted lipogenesis by increasing the transcript of <i>fatty acid synthase</i> (<i>FAS</i>) in the liver and <i>lipoprotein lipase</i> (<i>LPL</i>) in adipose tissue but reducing <i>hormone-sensitive lipase</i> (<i>HSL</i>) in the liver. HVI reduced the increased rate of lipogenesis induced by the NC group through normalizing the mRNA abundance of hepatic <i>FAS</i>, <i>sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1</i>, and <i>HSL</i> and <i>LPL</i> in adipose tissue. NC, HV, HI, and HVI reduced the ureagenesis by decreasing the protein abundance of <i>carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I, ornithine transcarboxylase</i>, and <i>arginosuccinate lyase</i> in the liver. Overall, HVI improved the growth, FI, and glucose clearance, and decreased the rate of lipogenesis induced by VLP diets. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:42:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5097efff45194e4cb1156d41948dbc5b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:42:24Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-5097efff45194e4cb1156d41948dbc5b2023-11-30T23:28:51ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892023-01-011318910.3390/metabo13010089Dietary Isoleucine and Valine: Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Ureagenesis in Pigs Fed with Protein Restricted DietsParniyan Goodarzi0Mohammad Habibi1Matthew William Gorton2Katherine Walsh3Firoozeh Tarkesh4Mallory Fuhrig5Adel Pezeshki6Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USADepartment of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USADepartment of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USADepartment of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USADepartment of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USADepartment of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USADepartment of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078, USAA mixture of valine (Val) and isoleucine (Ile) not only decreases the negative impact of very low protein (VLP) diets on the growth of pigs, but also influences the nitrogen (N) balance and lipid metabolism; however, the underlying pathways are not well understood. This study aimed to investigate the effect of dietary Val and Ile on lipogenesis, lipolysis, and ureagenesis under protein restriction. After one week of acclimation, forty three-week-old pigs were randomly assigned to following dietary treatments (<i>n</i> = 8/group) for 5 weeks: positive control (PC): normal protein diet; negative control (NC): VLP diet; HV: NC supplemented with Val; HI: NC supplemented with Ile; and HVI: NC supplemented with both Val and Ile. HVI partially improved the body weight and completely recovered the feed intake (FI) of pigs fed with NC. HVI increased thermal radiation and improved the glucose clearance. HVI had a lower blood triglyceride than PC and blood urea N than NC. NC and HV promoted lipogenesis by increasing the transcript of <i>fatty acid synthase</i> (<i>FAS</i>) in the liver and <i>lipoprotein lipase</i> (<i>LPL</i>) in adipose tissue but reducing <i>hormone-sensitive lipase</i> (<i>HSL</i>) in the liver. HVI reduced the increased rate of lipogenesis induced by the NC group through normalizing the mRNA abundance of hepatic <i>FAS</i>, <i>sterol regulatory element binding transcription factor 1</i>, and <i>HSL</i> and <i>LPL</i> in adipose tissue. NC, HV, HI, and HVI reduced the ureagenesis by decreasing the protein abundance of <i>carbamoyl phosphate synthetase I, ornithine transcarboxylase</i>, and <i>arginosuccinate lyase</i> in the liver. Overall, HVI improved the growth, FI, and glucose clearance, and decreased the rate of lipogenesis induced by VLP diets.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/1/89very low protein dietvalineisoleucineureagenesislipid metabolism |
| spellingShingle | Parniyan Goodarzi Mohammad Habibi Matthew William Gorton Katherine Walsh Firoozeh Tarkesh Mallory Fuhrig Adel Pezeshki Dietary Isoleucine and Valine: Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Ureagenesis in Pigs Fed with Protein Restricted Diets Metabolites very low protein diet valine isoleucine ureagenesis lipid metabolism |
| title | Dietary Isoleucine and Valine: Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Ureagenesis in Pigs Fed with Protein Restricted Diets |
| title_full | Dietary Isoleucine and Valine: Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Ureagenesis in Pigs Fed with Protein Restricted Diets |
| title_fullStr | Dietary Isoleucine and Valine: Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Ureagenesis in Pigs Fed with Protein Restricted Diets |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dietary Isoleucine and Valine: Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Ureagenesis in Pigs Fed with Protein Restricted Diets |
| title_short | Dietary Isoleucine and Valine: Effects on Lipid Metabolism and Ureagenesis in Pigs Fed with Protein Restricted Diets |
| title_sort | dietary isoleucine and valine effects on lipid metabolism and ureagenesis in pigs fed with protein restricted diets |
| topic | very low protein diet valine isoleucine ureagenesis lipid metabolism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/1/89 |
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