Development of Real-Time Time Gated Digital (TGD) OFDR Method and Its Performance Verification
Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) in optical fibers detect dynamic strains or sound waves by measuring the phase or amplitude changes of the scattered light. This contrasts with other distributed (and more conventional) methods, such as distributed temperature (DTS) or strain (DSS), which measure q...
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| author | Kinzo Kishida Artur Guzik Ken’ichi Nishiguchi Che-Hsien Li Daiji Azuma Qingwen Liu Zuyuan He |
| author_facet | Kinzo Kishida Artur Guzik Ken’ichi Nishiguchi Che-Hsien Li Daiji Azuma Qingwen Liu Zuyuan He |
| author_sort | Kinzo Kishida |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) in optical fibers detect dynamic strains or sound waves by measuring the phase or amplitude changes of the scattered light. This contrasts with other distributed (and more conventional) methods, such as distributed temperature (DTS) or strain (DSS), which measure quasi-static physical quantities, such as intensity spectrum of the scattered light. DAS is attracting considerable attention as it complements the conventional distributed measurements. To implement DAS in commercial applications, it is necessary to ensure a sufficiently high signal-noise ratio (SNR) for scattered light detection, suppress its deterioration along the sensing fiber, achieve lower noise floor for weak signals and, moreover, perform high-speed processing within milliseconds (or sometimes even less). In this paper, we present a new, real-time DAS, realized by using the time gated digital-optical frequency domain reflectometry (TGD-OFDR) method, in which the chirp pulse is divided into overlapping bands and assembled after digital decoding. The developed prototype NBX-S4000 generates a chirp signal with a pulse duration of 2 μs and uses a frequency sweep of 100 MHz at a repeating frequency of up to 5 kHz. It allows one to detect sound waves at an 80 km fiber distance range with spatial resolution better than a theoretically calculated value of 2.8 m in real time. The developed prototype was tested in the field in various applications, from earthquake detection and submarine cable sensing to oil and gas industry applications. All obtained results confirmed effectiveness of the method and performance, surpassing, in conventional SM fiber, other commercially available interrogators. |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T09:23:39Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-50a2ccaa6d954e3fbe236288d866775a2023-11-22T04:57:12ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-07-012114486510.3390/s21144865Development of Real-Time Time Gated Digital (TGD) OFDR Method and Its Performance VerificationKinzo Kishida0Artur Guzik1Ken’ichi Nishiguchi2Che-Hsien Li3Daiji Azuma4Qingwen Liu5Zuyuan He6Neubrex Co., Ltd. 1-1-24 Sakaemachi-dori, Kobe 650-0024, JapanNeubrex Co., Ltd. 1-1-24 Sakaemachi-dori, Kobe 650-0024, JapanNeubrex Co., Ltd. 1-1-24 Sakaemachi-dori, Kobe 650-0024, JapanNeubrex Co., Ltd. 1-1-24 Sakaemachi-dori, Kobe 650-0024, JapanNeubrex Co., Ltd. 1-1-24 Sakaemachi-dori, Kobe 650-0024, JapanState Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communicate Systems and Networks, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Advanced Optical Communicate Systems and Networks, Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Rd., Shanghai 200240, ChinaDistributed acoustic sensing (DAS) in optical fibers detect dynamic strains or sound waves by measuring the phase or amplitude changes of the scattered light. This contrasts with other distributed (and more conventional) methods, such as distributed temperature (DTS) or strain (DSS), which measure quasi-static physical quantities, such as intensity spectrum of the scattered light. DAS is attracting considerable attention as it complements the conventional distributed measurements. To implement DAS in commercial applications, it is necessary to ensure a sufficiently high signal-noise ratio (SNR) for scattered light detection, suppress its deterioration along the sensing fiber, achieve lower noise floor for weak signals and, moreover, perform high-speed processing within milliseconds (or sometimes even less). In this paper, we present a new, real-time DAS, realized by using the time gated digital-optical frequency domain reflectometry (TGD-OFDR) method, in which the chirp pulse is divided into overlapping bands and assembled after digital decoding. The developed prototype NBX-S4000 generates a chirp signal with a pulse duration of 2 μs and uses a frequency sweep of 100 MHz at a repeating frequency of up to 5 kHz. It allows one to detect sound waves at an 80 km fiber distance range with spatial resolution better than a theoretically calculated value of 2.8 m in real time. The developed prototype was tested in the field in various applications, from earthquake detection and submarine cable sensing to oil and gas industry applications. All obtained results confirmed effectiveness of the method and performance, surpassing, in conventional SM fiber, other commercially available interrogators.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/14/4865OFDR type DASphase fading solutionhigh SNRreal-time events detection |
| spellingShingle | Kinzo Kishida Artur Guzik Ken’ichi Nishiguchi Che-Hsien Li Daiji Azuma Qingwen Liu Zuyuan He Development of Real-Time Time Gated Digital (TGD) OFDR Method and Its Performance Verification Sensors OFDR type DAS phase fading solution high SNR real-time events detection |
| title | Development of Real-Time Time Gated Digital (TGD) OFDR Method and Its Performance Verification |
| title_full | Development of Real-Time Time Gated Digital (TGD) OFDR Method and Its Performance Verification |
| title_fullStr | Development of Real-Time Time Gated Digital (TGD) OFDR Method and Its Performance Verification |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of Real-Time Time Gated Digital (TGD) OFDR Method and Its Performance Verification |
| title_short | Development of Real-Time Time Gated Digital (TGD) OFDR Method and Its Performance Verification |
| title_sort | development of real time time gated digital tgd ofdr method and its performance verification |
| topic | OFDR type DAS phase fading solution high SNR real-time events detection |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/14/4865 |
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