Diabetic Retinopathy: Soluble and Imaging Ocular Biomarkers
Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, represents the leading cause of acquired blindness in the working-age population. Due to the potential absence of symptoms in the early stages of the disease, the identification of clinical biomarkers can hav...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/3/912 |
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| author | Mariantonia Ferrara Alessandra Loda Giulia Coco Piergiacomo Grassi Silvia Cestaro Sara Rezzola Vito Romano Francesco Semeraro |
| author_facet | Mariantonia Ferrara Alessandra Loda Giulia Coco Piergiacomo Grassi Silvia Cestaro Sara Rezzola Vito Romano Francesco Semeraro |
| author_sort | Mariantonia Ferrara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Diabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, represents the leading cause of acquired blindness in the working-age population. Due to the potential absence of symptoms in the early stages of the disease, the identification of clinical biomarkers can have a crucial role in the early diagnosis of DR as well as for the detection of prognostic factors. In particular, imaging techniques are fundamental tools for screening, diagnosis, classification, monitoring, treatment planning and prognostic assessment in DR. In this context, the identification of ocular and systemic biomarkers is crucial to facilitate the risk stratification of diabetic patients; moreover, reliable biomarkers could provide prognostic information on disease progression as well as assist in predicting a patient’s response to therapy. In this context, this review aimed to provide an updated and comprehensive overview of the soluble and anatomical biomarkers associated with DR. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:38:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-50a37aeeb4604dccadf091b14b59b32e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:38:51Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-50a37aeeb4604dccadf091b14b59b32e2023-11-16T17:09:00ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832023-01-0112391210.3390/jcm12030912Diabetic Retinopathy: Soluble and Imaging Ocular BiomarkersMariantonia Ferrara0Alessandra Loda1Giulia Coco2Piergiacomo Grassi3Silvia Cestaro4Sara Rezzola5Vito Romano6Francesco Semeraro7Manchester Royal Eye Hospital, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9WL, UKDepartment of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, ItalyDepartment of Clinical Science and Translational Medicine, University of Rome Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, ItalyNorthern Care Alliance NHS Foundation Trust, Whitehall St, Rochdale OL12 0NB, UKEye Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, ItalyDepartment of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, Viale Europa 11, 25123 Brescia, ItalyEye Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, ItalyEye Clinic, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, 25121 Brescia, ItalyDiabetic retinopathy (DR), the most common microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus, represents the leading cause of acquired blindness in the working-age population. Due to the potential absence of symptoms in the early stages of the disease, the identification of clinical biomarkers can have a crucial role in the early diagnosis of DR as well as for the detection of prognostic factors. In particular, imaging techniques are fundamental tools for screening, diagnosis, classification, monitoring, treatment planning and prognostic assessment in DR. In this context, the identification of ocular and systemic biomarkers is crucial to facilitate the risk stratification of diabetic patients; moreover, reliable biomarkers could provide prognostic information on disease progression as well as assist in predicting a patient’s response to therapy. In this context, this review aimed to provide an updated and comprehensive overview of the soluble and anatomical biomarkers associated with DR.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/3/912corneal endothelial cell countconfocal microscopydiabetic retinopathyfluorescein angiographyocular biomarkers diabetic retinopathyoptical coherence tomography |
| spellingShingle | Mariantonia Ferrara Alessandra Loda Giulia Coco Piergiacomo Grassi Silvia Cestaro Sara Rezzola Vito Romano Francesco Semeraro Diabetic Retinopathy: Soluble and Imaging Ocular Biomarkers Journal of Clinical Medicine corneal endothelial cell count confocal microscopy diabetic retinopathy fluorescein angiography ocular biomarkers diabetic retinopathy optical coherence tomography |
| title | Diabetic Retinopathy: Soluble and Imaging Ocular Biomarkers |
| title_full | Diabetic Retinopathy: Soluble and Imaging Ocular Biomarkers |
| title_fullStr | Diabetic Retinopathy: Soluble and Imaging Ocular Biomarkers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diabetic Retinopathy: Soluble and Imaging Ocular Biomarkers |
| title_short | Diabetic Retinopathy: Soluble and Imaging Ocular Biomarkers |
| title_sort | diabetic retinopathy soluble and imaging ocular biomarkers |
| topic | corneal endothelial cell count confocal microscopy diabetic retinopathy fluorescein angiography ocular biomarkers diabetic retinopathy optical coherence tomography |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/12/3/912 |
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