Essential Nanostructure Parameters to Govern Reinforcement and Functionality of Poly(lactic) Acid Nanocomposites with Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes for 3D Printing Application
Poly(lactic) acid nanocomposites filled with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are studied, varying the filler size, shape, and content within 1.5–12 wt.%. The effects of the intrinsic characteristics of nanofillers and structural organization of nanocomposites on...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Polymers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/6/1208 |
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| author | Rumiana Kotsilkova Evgeni Ivanov Vladimir Georgiev Radost Ivanova Dzhihan Menseidov Todor Batakliev Verislav Angelov Hesheng Xia Yinghong Chen Dzmitry Bychanok Polina Kuzhir Rosa Di Maio Clara Silvestre Sossio Cimmino |
| author_facet | Rumiana Kotsilkova Evgeni Ivanov Vladimir Georgiev Radost Ivanova Dzhihan Menseidov Todor Batakliev Verislav Angelov Hesheng Xia Yinghong Chen Dzmitry Bychanok Polina Kuzhir Rosa Di Maio Clara Silvestre Sossio Cimmino |
| author_sort | Rumiana Kotsilkova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Poly(lactic) acid nanocomposites filled with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are studied, varying the filler size, shape, and content within 1.5–12 wt.%. The effects of the intrinsic characteristics of nanofillers and structural organization of nanocomposites on mechanical, electrical, thermal, and electromagnetic properties enhancement are investigated. Three essential rheological parameters are identified, which determine rheology–structure–property relations in nanocomposites: the degree of dispersion, percolation threshold, and interfacial interactions. Above the percolation threshold, depending on the degree of dispersion, three structural organizations are observed in nanocomposites: homogeneous network (MWCNTs), segregated network (MWCNTs), and aggregated structure (GNPs). The rheological and structural parameters depend strongly on the type, size, shape, specific surface area, and functionalization of the fillers. Consequently, the homogeneous and segregated network structures resulted in a significant enhancement of tensile mechanical properties and a very low electrical percolation threshold, in contrast to the aggregated structure. The high filler density in the polymer and the low number of graphite walls in MWCNTs are found to be determinant for the remarkable shielding efficiency (close to 100%) of nanocomposites. Moreover, the 2D shaped GNPs predominantly enhance the thermal conductivity compared to the 1D shaped MWCNTs. The proposed essential structural parameters may be successfully used for the design of polymer nanocomposites with enhanced multifunctional properties for 3D printing applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:35:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-50a68ef59c114a73af611e4eee38bdd2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:35:35Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-50a68ef59c114a73af611e4eee38bdd22023-11-20T01:44:55ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602020-05-01126120810.3390/polym12061208Essential Nanostructure Parameters to Govern Reinforcement and Functionality of Poly(lactic) Acid Nanocomposites with Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes for 3D Printing ApplicationRumiana Kotsilkova0Evgeni Ivanov1Vladimir Georgiev2Radost Ivanova3Dzhihan Menseidov4Todor Batakliev5Verislav Angelov6Hesheng Xia7Yinghong Chen8Dzmitry Bychanok9Polina Kuzhir10Rosa Di Maio11Clara Silvestre12Sossio Cimmino13Institute of Mechanics (OLEM), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, BulgariaInstitute of Mechanics (OLEM), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, BulgariaNanoTechLab Ltd., Sofia 1113, BulgariaInstitute of Mechanics (OLEM), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, BulgariaInstitute of Mechanics (OLEM), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, BulgariaInstitute of Mechanics (OLEM), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, BulgariaInstitute of Mechanics (OLEM), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia 1113, BulgariaState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, Polymer Research Institute of Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, ChinaInstitute of Nuclear Physics, Belarus State University, 220006 Minsk, BelarusInstitute of Nuclear Physics, Belarus State University, 220006 Minsk, BelarusInstitute of Polymers, Composites and Biopolymers, CNR, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), ItalyInstitute of Polymers, Composites and Biopolymers, CNR, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), ItalyInstitute of Polymers, Composites and Biopolymers, CNR, 80078 Pozzuoli (NA), ItalyPoly(lactic) acid nanocomposites filled with graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs) and multiwall carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are studied, varying the filler size, shape, and content within 1.5–12 wt.%. The effects of the intrinsic characteristics of nanofillers and structural organization of nanocomposites on mechanical, electrical, thermal, and electromagnetic properties enhancement are investigated. Three essential rheological parameters are identified, which determine rheology–structure–property relations in nanocomposites: the degree of dispersion, percolation threshold, and interfacial interactions. Above the percolation threshold, depending on the degree of dispersion, three structural organizations are observed in nanocomposites: homogeneous network (MWCNTs), segregated network (MWCNTs), and aggregated structure (GNPs). The rheological and structural parameters depend strongly on the type, size, shape, specific surface area, and functionalization of the fillers. Consequently, the homogeneous and segregated network structures resulted in a significant enhancement of tensile mechanical properties and a very low electrical percolation threshold, in contrast to the aggregated structure. The high filler density in the polymer and the low number of graphite walls in MWCNTs are found to be determinant for the remarkable shielding efficiency (close to 100%) of nanocomposites. Moreover, the 2D shaped GNPs predominantly enhance the thermal conductivity compared to the 1D shaped MWCNTs. The proposed essential structural parameters may be successfully used for the design of polymer nanocomposites with enhanced multifunctional properties for 3D printing applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/6/1208degree of dispersionpercolation thresholdinterfacial interactionshomogeneous networksegregated networkaggregated structure |
| spellingShingle | Rumiana Kotsilkova Evgeni Ivanov Vladimir Georgiev Radost Ivanova Dzhihan Menseidov Todor Batakliev Verislav Angelov Hesheng Xia Yinghong Chen Dzmitry Bychanok Polina Kuzhir Rosa Di Maio Clara Silvestre Sossio Cimmino Essential Nanostructure Parameters to Govern Reinforcement and Functionality of Poly(lactic) Acid Nanocomposites with Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes for 3D Printing Application Polymers degree of dispersion percolation threshold interfacial interactions homogeneous network segregated network aggregated structure |
| title | Essential Nanostructure Parameters to Govern Reinforcement and Functionality of Poly(lactic) Acid Nanocomposites with Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes for 3D Printing Application |
| title_full | Essential Nanostructure Parameters to Govern Reinforcement and Functionality of Poly(lactic) Acid Nanocomposites with Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes for 3D Printing Application |
| title_fullStr | Essential Nanostructure Parameters to Govern Reinforcement and Functionality of Poly(lactic) Acid Nanocomposites with Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes for 3D Printing Application |
| title_full_unstemmed | Essential Nanostructure Parameters to Govern Reinforcement and Functionality of Poly(lactic) Acid Nanocomposites with Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes for 3D Printing Application |
| title_short | Essential Nanostructure Parameters to Govern Reinforcement and Functionality of Poly(lactic) Acid Nanocomposites with Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes for 3D Printing Application |
| title_sort | essential nanostructure parameters to govern reinforcement and functionality of poly lactic acid nanocomposites with graphene and carbon nanotubes for 3d printing application |
| topic | degree of dispersion percolation threshold interfacial interactions homogeneous network segregated network aggregated structure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/12/6/1208 |
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