A Novel Early Warning System (EWS) for Water Quality, Integrating a High-Frequency Monitoring Database with Efficient Data Quality Control Technology at a Large and Deep Lake (Lake Qiandao), China
To assess water quality (WQ) online for assuring the safety of drinking water, a novel early warning system integrating a high-frequency monitoring system (HFMS) and data quality control (QC) was developed at Lake Qiandao. The HFMS was designed for monitoring water quality, nutrient inputs by main t...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/4/602 |
| _version_ | 1797475910454083584 |
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| author | Liancong Luo Jia Lan Yucheng Wang Huiyun Li Zhixu Wu Chrisopher McBridge Hong Zhou Fenglong Liu Rufeng Zhang Falu Gong Jialong Li Lan Chen Guizhu Wu |
| author_facet | Liancong Luo Jia Lan Yucheng Wang Huiyun Li Zhixu Wu Chrisopher McBridge Hong Zhou Fenglong Liu Rufeng Zhang Falu Gong Jialong Li Lan Chen Guizhu Wu |
| author_sort | Liancong Luo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To assess water quality (WQ) online for assuring the safety of drinking water, a novel early warning system integrating a high-frequency monitoring system (HFMS) and data quality control (QC) was developed at Lake Qiandao. The HFMS was designed for monitoring water quality, nutrient inputs by main tributaries, water currents and meteorology at different sites at Lake Qiandao. The EWS focused on data availability, a QC method, a statistical analysis method and data applications instead of technological aspects for sondes, wireless data transfer and interface software development. QC was implemented before use to delete the abnormal values of outliers, to detect change points, to analyse the change trend, to interpolate discrete missing measurements, and find continuous missing or wrong observations caused by technical problems with the sonde. For demonstrating advantages and data availability, surface and profiling measurements at two sites were plotted. The plots show obvious seasonal and diel variations, demonstrating the success of integration of the system with advanced automated technology and good QC. This successfully developed system is now not only giving early warning signals, but also providing critical WQ information for the security of drinking water diverted to Hangzhou city through a tunnel of 110 km length. The automatic monitoring data with QC is also being used to produce initial conditions for WQ prediction based on a three dimensional hydrodynamic-ecosystem model. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:50:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-50aeba4ef96f4767b6f238f9e9281f69 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:50:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-50aeba4ef96f4767b6f238f9e9281f692023-11-23T22:34:31ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-02-0114460210.3390/w14040602A Novel Early Warning System (EWS) for Water Quality, Integrating a High-Frequency Monitoring Database with Efficient Data Quality Control Technology at a Large and Deep Lake (Lake Qiandao), ChinaLiancong Luo0Jia Lan1Yucheng Wang2Huiyun Li3Zhixu Wu4Chrisopher McBridge5Hong Zhou6Fenglong Liu7Rufeng Zhang8Falu Gong9Jialong Li10Lan Chen11Guizhu Wu12Institute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, ChinaChunan Branch, Hangzhou Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau, Chunan 311700, ChinaChunan Branch, Hangzhou Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau, Chunan 311700, ChinaNanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, ChinaChunan Branch, Hangzhou Municipal Ecology and Environment Bureau, Chunan 311700, ChinaEnvironmental Research Institute, The University of Waikato, Hamilton 3240, New ZealandWaikato Institute of Technology, Hamilton 3204, New ZealandFinancial Department, Hunan University of Humanities, Science and Technology, Loudi 417000, ChinaInstitute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, ChinaInstitute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, ChinaInstitute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, ChinaInstitute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, ChinaInstitute for Ecological Research and Pollution Control of Plateau Lakes, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504, ChinaTo assess water quality (WQ) online for assuring the safety of drinking water, a novel early warning system integrating a high-frequency monitoring system (HFMS) and data quality control (QC) was developed at Lake Qiandao. The HFMS was designed for monitoring water quality, nutrient inputs by main tributaries, water currents and meteorology at different sites at Lake Qiandao. The EWS focused on data availability, a QC method, a statistical analysis method and data applications instead of technological aspects for sondes, wireless data transfer and interface software development. QC was implemented before use to delete the abnormal values of outliers, to detect change points, to analyse the change trend, to interpolate discrete missing measurements, and find continuous missing or wrong observations caused by technical problems with the sonde. For demonstrating advantages and data availability, surface and profiling measurements at two sites were plotted. The plots show obvious seasonal and diel variations, demonstrating the success of integration of the system with advanced automated technology and good QC. This successfully developed system is now not only giving early warning signals, but also providing critical WQ information for the security of drinking water diverted to Hangzhou city through a tunnel of 110 km length. The automatic monitoring data with QC is also being used to produce initial conditions for WQ prediction based on a three dimensional hydrodynamic-ecosystem model.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/4/602early warning systemhigh-frequency monitoringdata quality controlwater qualityLake Qiandao |
| spellingShingle | Liancong Luo Jia Lan Yucheng Wang Huiyun Li Zhixu Wu Chrisopher McBridge Hong Zhou Fenglong Liu Rufeng Zhang Falu Gong Jialong Li Lan Chen Guizhu Wu A Novel Early Warning System (EWS) for Water Quality, Integrating a High-Frequency Monitoring Database with Efficient Data Quality Control Technology at a Large and Deep Lake (Lake Qiandao), China Water early warning system high-frequency monitoring data quality control water quality Lake Qiandao |
| title | A Novel Early Warning System (EWS) for Water Quality, Integrating a High-Frequency Monitoring Database with Efficient Data Quality Control Technology at a Large and Deep Lake (Lake Qiandao), China |
| title_full | A Novel Early Warning System (EWS) for Water Quality, Integrating a High-Frequency Monitoring Database with Efficient Data Quality Control Technology at a Large and Deep Lake (Lake Qiandao), China |
| title_fullStr | A Novel Early Warning System (EWS) for Water Quality, Integrating a High-Frequency Monitoring Database with Efficient Data Quality Control Technology at a Large and Deep Lake (Lake Qiandao), China |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Novel Early Warning System (EWS) for Water Quality, Integrating a High-Frequency Monitoring Database with Efficient Data Quality Control Technology at a Large and Deep Lake (Lake Qiandao), China |
| title_short | A Novel Early Warning System (EWS) for Water Quality, Integrating a High-Frequency Monitoring Database with Efficient Data Quality Control Technology at a Large and Deep Lake (Lake Qiandao), China |
| title_sort | novel early warning system ews for water quality integrating a high frequency monitoring database with efficient data quality control technology at a large and deep lake lake qiandao china |
| topic | early warning system high-frequency monitoring data quality control water quality Lake Qiandao |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/4/602 |
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