Epigenetic Factor MicroRNAs Likely Mediate Vaccine Protection Efficacy against Lymphomas in Response to Tumor Virus Infection in Chickens through Target Gene Involved Signaling Pathways
Epigenetic factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs), play an important role in affecting gene expression and, therefore, are involved in various biological processes including immunity protection against tumors. Marek’s disease (MD) is a highly contagious disease of chickens caused by the MD virus (MDV...
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MDPI AG
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/11/4/139 |
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| author | Lei Zhang Qingmei Xie Shuang Chang Yongxing Ai Kunzhe Dong Huanmin Zhang |
| author_facet | Lei Zhang Qingmei Xie Shuang Chang Yongxing Ai Kunzhe Dong Huanmin Zhang |
| author_sort | Lei Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Epigenetic factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs), play an important role in affecting gene expression and, therefore, are involved in various biological processes including immunity protection against tumors. Marek’s disease (MD) is a highly contagious disease of chickens caused by the MD virus (MDV). MD has been primarily controlled by vaccinations. MD vaccine efficacy might, in part, be dependent on modulations of a complex set of factors including host epigenetic factors. This study was designed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in the primary lymphoid organ, bursae of Fabricius, in response to MD vaccination followed by MDV challenge in two genetically divergent inbred lines of White Leghorns. Small RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses of the small RNA sequence reads identified hundreds of miRNAs among all the treatment groups. A small portion of the identified miRNAs was differentially expressed within each of the four treatment groups, which were HVT or CVI988/Rispens vaccinated line 6<sub>3</sub>-resistant birds and line 7<sub>2</sub>-susceptible birds. A direct comparison between the resistant line 6<sub>3</sub> and susceptible line 7<sub>2</sub> groups vaccinated with HVT followed by MDV challenge identified five differentially expressed miRNAs. Gene Ontology analysis of the target genes of those five miRNAs revealed that those target genes, in addition to various GO terms, are involved in multiple signaling pathways including MAPK, TGF-β, ErbB, and EGFR1 signaling pathways. The general functions of those pathways reportedly play important roles in oncogenesis, anti-cancer immunity, cancer cell migration, and metastatic progression. Therefore, it is highly likely that those miRNAs may, in part, influence vaccine protection through the pathways. |
| first_indexed | 2025-03-22T05:46:10Z |
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| issn | 2306-7381 |
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| last_indexed | 2025-03-22T05:46:10Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
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| series | Veterinary Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-50b67f8cd96f41238ef26d6e8e3ba8472024-04-26T13:46:09ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812024-03-0111413910.3390/vetsci11040139Epigenetic Factor MicroRNAs Likely Mediate Vaccine Protection Efficacy against Lymphomas in Response to Tumor Virus Infection in Chickens through Target Gene Involved Signaling PathwaysLei Zhang0Qingmei Xie1Shuang Chang2Yongxing Ai3Kunzhe Dong4Huanmin Zhang5U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USACollege of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, ChinaCollege of Animal Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, ChinaDepartment of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USAU.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. National Poultry Research Center, Athens, GA 30605, USAEpigenetic factors, including microRNAs (miRNAs), play an important role in affecting gene expression and, therefore, are involved in various biological processes including immunity protection against tumors. Marek’s disease (MD) is a highly contagious disease of chickens caused by the MD virus (MDV). MD has been primarily controlled by vaccinations. MD vaccine efficacy might, in part, be dependent on modulations of a complex set of factors including host epigenetic factors. This study was designed to identify differentially expressed miRNAs in the primary lymphoid organ, bursae of Fabricius, in response to MD vaccination followed by MDV challenge in two genetically divergent inbred lines of White Leghorns. Small RNA sequencing and bioinformatic analyses of the small RNA sequence reads identified hundreds of miRNAs among all the treatment groups. A small portion of the identified miRNAs was differentially expressed within each of the four treatment groups, which were HVT or CVI988/Rispens vaccinated line 6<sub>3</sub>-resistant birds and line 7<sub>2</sub>-susceptible birds. A direct comparison between the resistant line 6<sub>3</sub> and susceptible line 7<sub>2</sub> groups vaccinated with HVT followed by MDV challenge identified five differentially expressed miRNAs. Gene Ontology analysis of the target genes of those five miRNAs revealed that those target genes, in addition to various GO terms, are involved in multiple signaling pathways including MAPK, TGF-β, ErbB, and EGFR1 signaling pathways. The general functions of those pathways reportedly play important roles in oncogenesis, anti-cancer immunity, cancer cell migration, and metastatic progression. Therefore, it is highly likely that those miRNAs may, in part, influence vaccine protection through the pathways.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/11/4/139small RNA sequencingmicroRNA expressionvaccine protective efficacyMarek’s diseasebursa of Fabriciuschickens |
| spellingShingle | Lei Zhang Qingmei Xie Shuang Chang Yongxing Ai Kunzhe Dong Huanmin Zhang Epigenetic Factor MicroRNAs Likely Mediate Vaccine Protection Efficacy against Lymphomas in Response to Tumor Virus Infection in Chickens through Target Gene Involved Signaling Pathways Veterinary Sciences small RNA sequencing microRNA expression vaccine protective efficacy Marek’s disease bursa of Fabricius chickens |
| title | Epigenetic Factor MicroRNAs Likely Mediate Vaccine Protection Efficacy against Lymphomas in Response to Tumor Virus Infection in Chickens through Target Gene Involved Signaling Pathways |
| title_full | Epigenetic Factor MicroRNAs Likely Mediate Vaccine Protection Efficacy against Lymphomas in Response to Tumor Virus Infection in Chickens through Target Gene Involved Signaling Pathways |
| title_fullStr | Epigenetic Factor MicroRNAs Likely Mediate Vaccine Protection Efficacy against Lymphomas in Response to Tumor Virus Infection in Chickens through Target Gene Involved Signaling Pathways |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epigenetic Factor MicroRNAs Likely Mediate Vaccine Protection Efficacy against Lymphomas in Response to Tumor Virus Infection in Chickens through Target Gene Involved Signaling Pathways |
| title_short | Epigenetic Factor MicroRNAs Likely Mediate Vaccine Protection Efficacy against Lymphomas in Response to Tumor Virus Infection in Chickens through Target Gene Involved Signaling Pathways |
| title_sort | epigenetic factor micrornas likely mediate vaccine protection efficacy against lymphomas in response to tumor virus infection in chickens through target gene involved signaling pathways |
| topic | small RNA sequencing microRNA expression vaccine protective efficacy Marek’s disease bursa of Fabricius chickens |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/11/4/139 |
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