A Homogalacturonan from Peel of Winter Jujube (<i>Zizyphus jujuba</i> Mill. cv. <i>Dongzao</i>): Characterization and Protective Effects against CCl<sub>4</sub>-Induced Liver Injury
A homogalacturonan pectin (HG, designated as WJP-F80) was extracted from the peel of winter jujube (<i>Zizyphus jujuba</i> Mill. Cv. <i>Dongzao</i>) and separated via ethanol-graded precipitation. The structural and conformational features were elucidated through HPAEC-PAD, G...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Foods |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/24/4087 |
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| author | Shuguang Sun Wenzhong Lan Li Ji Lianzhong Ai Yan Wu Hui Zhang |
| author_facet | Shuguang Sun Wenzhong Lan Li Ji Lianzhong Ai Yan Wu Hui Zhang |
| author_sort | Shuguang Sun |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A homogalacturonan pectin (HG, designated as WJP-F80) was extracted from the peel of winter jujube (<i>Zizyphus jujuba</i> Mill. Cv. <i>Dongzao</i>) and separated via ethanol-graded precipitation. The structural and conformational features were elucidated through HPAEC-PAD, GC-MS, 2D NMR, and HPSEC-MALLS studies. In vivo assessments were carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of WJP-F80 against CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced injury of mice. Results showed that WJP-F80 was a linear 1,4-α-galacturonan with partially methyl-esterified at <i>O</i>-6 of Gal<i>p</i>A and occasionally acetylation. The Mw of WJP-F80 was determined as 45.3 kDa, the polydispersity was calculated as 1.56, and the R<i>g</i> was measured as 22.7 nm in 0.1 M NaNO<sub>3</sub>. The conformational analysis revealed that WJP-F80 exhibited as rigid stiff chain in low Mw range, while aggregation by self-assembly of HG chains lead to high Mw and random coil conformation. In vivo studies indicated that WJP-F80 can protect the livers of mice from acute injury induced via CCl<sub>4</sub> by decreasing the serum biochemical markers of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to normal levels. This work provides a theoretical basis for the value-added deep processing of winter jujube. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:40:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-50b8614adb90437bbaddd948c8012099 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:40:00Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
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| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj.art-50b8614adb90437bbaddd948c80120992023-11-24T14:52:12ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582022-12-011124408710.3390/foods11244087A Homogalacturonan from Peel of Winter Jujube (<i>Zizyphus jujuba</i> Mill. cv. <i>Dongzao</i>): Characterization and Protective Effects against CCl<sub>4</sub>-Induced Liver InjuryShuguang Sun0Wenzhong Lan1Li Ji2Lianzhong Ai3Yan Wu4Hui Zhang5Shandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250013, ChinaShandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250013, ChinaShandong Food Ferment Industry Research & Design Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250013, ChinaShanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaDepartment of Food Science & Technology, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, ChinaShanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, School of Health Science and Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai 200093, ChinaA homogalacturonan pectin (HG, designated as WJP-F80) was extracted from the peel of winter jujube (<i>Zizyphus jujuba</i> Mill. Cv. <i>Dongzao</i>) and separated via ethanol-graded precipitation. The structural and conformational features were elucidated through HPAEC-PAD, GC-MS, 2D NMR, and HPSEC-MALLS studies. In vivo assessments were carried out to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of WJP-F80 against CCl<sub>4</sub>-induced injury of mice. Results showed that WJP-F80 was a linear 1,4-α-galacturonan with partially methyl-esterified at <i>O</i>-6 of Gal<i>p</i>A and occasionally acetylation. The Mw of WJP-F80 was determined as 45.3 kDa, the polydispersity was calculated as 1.56, and the R<i>g</i> was measured as 22.7 nm in 0.1 M NaNO<sub>3</sub>. The conformational analysis revealed that WJP-F80 exhibited as rigid stiff chain in low Mw range, while aggregation by self-assembly of HG chains lead to high Mw and random coil conformation. In vivo studies indicated that WJP-F80 can protect the livers of mice from acute injury induced via CCl<sub>4</sub> by decreasing the serum biochemical markers of alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) to normal levels. This work provides a theoretical basis for the value-added deep processing of winter jujube.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/24/4087winter jujubehomogalacturonancharacterizationconformationhepatoprotective effects |
| spellingShingle | Shuguang Sun Wenzhong Lan Li Ji Lianzhong Ai Yan Wu Hui Zhang A Homogalacturonan from Peel of Winter Jujube (<i>Zizyphus jujuba</i> Mill. cv. <i>Dongzao</i>): Characterization and Protective Effects against CCl<sub>4</sub>-Induced Liver Injury Foods winter jujube homogalacturonan characterization conformation hepatoprotective effects |
| title | A Homogalacturonan from Peel of Winter Jujube (<i>Zizyphus jujuba</i> Mill. cv. <i>Dongzao</i>): Characterization and Protective Effects against CCl<sub>4</sub>-Induced Liver Injury |
| title_full | A Homogalacturonan from Peel of Winter Jujube (<i>Zizyphus jujuba</i> Mill. cv. <i>Dongzao</i>): Characterization and Protective Effects against CCl<sub>4</sub>-Induced Liver Injury |
| title_fullStr | A Homogalacturonan from Peel of Winter Jujube (<i>Zizyphus jujuba</i> Mill. cv. <i>Dongzao</i>): Characterization and Protective Effects against CCl<sub>4</sub>-Induced Liver Injury |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Homogalacturonan from Peel of Winter Jujube (<i>Zizyphus jujuba</i> Mill. cv. <i>Dongzao</i>): Characterization and Protective Effects against CCl<sub>4</sub>-Induced Liver Injury |
| title_short | A Homogalacturonan from Peel of Winter Jujube (<i>Zizyphus jujuba</i> Mill. cv. <i>Dongzao</i>): Characterization and Protective Effects against CCl<sub>4</sub>-Induced Liver Injury |
| title_sort | homogalacturonan from peel of winter jujube i zizyphus jujuba i mill cv i dongzao i characterization and protective effects against ccl sub 4 sub induced liver injury |
| topic | winter jujube homogalacturonan characterization conformation hepatoprotective effects |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/11/24/4087 |
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