Sex Differences in the Relationship between Personal, Psychological and Biochemical Factors with Blood Pressure in a Healthy Adult Mexican Population: A Cross-Sectional Study
Hypertension is one of the main risk factors related to cardiovascular mortality, being the levels of blood pressure (BP) related to a variety of personal, anthropometric, biochemical and psychological variables; however, the study evaluating the association of all these factors in systolic blood pr...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2024-01-01
|
| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/2/378 |
| _version_ | 1797339675543732224 |
|---|---|
| author | Blanca Estela Ríos-González Ana Míriam Saldaña-Cruz Sergio Gabriel Gallardo-Moya Aniel Jessica Leticia Brambila-Tapia |
| author_facet | Blanca Estela Ríos-González Ana Míriam Saldaña-Cruz Sergio Gabriel Gallardo-Moya Aniel Jessica Leticia Brambila-Tapia |
| author_sort | Blanca Estela Ríos-González |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Hypertension is one of the main risk factors related to cardiovascular mortality, being the levels of blood pressure (BP) related to a variety of personal, anthropometric, biochemical and psychological variables; however, the study evaluating the association of all these factors in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in a sample of relatively healthy subjects has not been performed. The aim of the study was to determine the main variables associated with SBP and DPB in a sample of relatively healthy subjects. A total of 171 participants were included, in which personal, anthropometric, positive and negative psychological variables and biochemical variables were measured. We observed that men showed higher levels of SBP and DBP than women, with more differences for SBP. Among the biochemical factors and SBP, we found that albumin and monocytes were positively correlated with it, while potassium, phosphorus and eosinophils were negatively correlated with it. Additionally, schooling was a constant variable negatively correlated with SBP in all samples (global, men and women). Among psychological variables, we observed that emotional perception was negatively correlated with SBP in men’s and women’s samples, while autonomy was positively correlated with SBP in the men’s sample; however, their association was less when compared with the personal and biochemical variables included in the multivariate model. With regard to DBP, we observed that the biochemical variables, hemoglobin, sodium, uric acid and glucose, were positively correlated with DBP in the global sample, while chloride and BUN were negatively correlated with it. In addition, many personal and behavioral variables, including BMI, age and smoking consumption frequency, also correlated with DBP in the global sample. In conclusion, BP is affected by different factors, and these affect each sex differently. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:51:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-50ca5238ab614d9980e69e0524e0cb1b |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T09:51:49Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-50ca5238ab614d9980e69e0524e0cb1b2024-01-29T14:01:16ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832024-01-0113237810.3390/jcm13020378Sex Differences in the Relationship between Personal, Psychological and Biochemical Factors with Blood Pressure in a Healthy Adult Mexican Population: A Cross-Sectional StudyBlanca Estela Ríos-González0Ana Míriam Saldaña-Cruz1Sergio Gabriel Gallardo-Moya2Aniel Jessica Leticia Brambila-Tapia3Unidad Médico Familiar #92, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Guadalajara 44340, MexicoDepartamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, MexicoPrograma de Doctorado en Farmacología, Departamento de Fisiología, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, MexicoDepartamento de Psicología Básica, Centro Universitario de Ciencias de la Salud (CUCS), Universidad de Guadalajara, Guadalajara 44340, MexicoHypertension is one of the main risk factors related to cardiovascular mortality, being the levels of blood pressure (BP) related to a variety of personal, anthropometric, biochemical and psychological variables; however, the study evaluating the association of all these factors in systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) in a sample of relatively healthy subjects has not been performed. The aim of the study was to determine the main variables associated with SBP and DPB in a sample of relatively healthy subjects. A total of 171 participants were included, in which personal, anthropometric, positive and negative psychological variables and biochemical variables were measured. We observed that men showed higher levels of SBP and DBP than women, with more differences for SBP. Among the biochemical factors and SBP, we found that albumin and monocytes were positively correlated with it, while potassium, phosphorus and eosinophils were negatively correlated with it. Additionally, schooling was a constant variable negatively correlated with SBP in all samples (global, men and women). Among psychological variables, we observed that emotional perception was negatively correlated with SBP in men’s and women’s samples, while autonomy was positively correlated with SBP in the men’s sample; however, their association was less when compared with the personal and biochemical variables included in the multivariate model. With regard to DBP, we observed that the biochemical variables, hemoglobin, sodium, uric acid and glucose, were positively correlated with DBP in the global sample, while chloride and BUN were negatively correlated with it. In addition, many personal and behavioral variables, including BMI, age and smoking consumption frequency, also correlated with DBP in the global sample. In conclusion, BP is affected by different factors, and these affect each sex differently.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/2/378systolic blood pressurediastolic blood pressurebiochemical variablespsychological factorsanthropometric factorssex |
| spellingShingle | Blanca Estela Ríos-González Ana Míriam Saldaña-Cruz Sergio Gabriel Gallardo-Moya Aniel Jessica Leticia Brambila-Tapia Sex Differences in the Relationship between Personal, Psychological and Biochemical Factors with Blood Pressure in a Healthy Adult Mexican Population: A Cross-Sectional Study Journal of Clinical Medicine systolic blood pressure diastolic blood pressure biochemical variables psychological factors anthropometric factors sex |
| title | Sex Differences in the Relationship between Personal, Psychological and Biochemical Factors with Blood Pressure in a Healthy Adult Mexican Population: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_full | Sex Differences in the Relationship between Personal, Psychological and Biochemical Factors with Blood Pressure in a Healthy Adult Mexican Population: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_fullStr | Sex Differences in the Relationship between Personal, Psychological and Biochemical Factors with Blood Pressure in a Healthy Adult Mexican Population: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sex Differences in the Relationship between Personal, Psychological and Biochemical Factors with Blood Pressure in a Healthy Adult Mexican Population: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_short | Sex Differences in the Relationship between Personal, Psychological and Biochemical Factors with Blood Pressure in a Healthy Adult Mexican Population: A Cross-Sectional Study |
| title_sort | sex differences in the relationship between personal psychological and biochemical factors with blood pressure in a healthy adult mexican population a cross sectional study |
| topic | systolic blood pressure diastolic blood pressure biochemical variables psychological factors anthropometric factors sex |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/13/2/378 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT blancaestelariosgonzalez sexdifferencesintherelationshipbetweenpersonalpsychologicalandbiochemicalfactorswithbloodpressureinahealthyadultmexicanpopulationacrosssectionalstudy AT anamiriamsaldanacruz sexdifferencesintherelationshipbetweenpersonalpsychologicalandbiochemicalfactorswithbloodpressureinahealthyadultmexicanpopulationacrosssectionalstudy AT sergiogabrielgallardomoya sexdifferencesintherelationshipbetweenpersonalpsychologicalandbiochemicalfactorswithbloodpressureinahealthyadultmexicanpopulationacrosssectionalstudy AT anieljessicaleticiabrambilatapia sexdifferencesintherelationshipbetweenpersonalpsychologicalandbiochemicalfactorswithbloodpressureinahealthyadultmexicanpopulationacrosssectionalstudy |