The relationships between vertical variations of shallow gas and pore water geochemical characteristics in boreholes from the inner shelf of the East China Sea
Shallow gas was widely recognized in the coastal region, especially in the estuarine delta areas with high organic matter (OM) burial flux. In this study, the vertical variations of shallow gas and the related geochemical indicators from two boreholes in the coastal region of the East China Sea (ECS...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2024-03-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Marine Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1343701/full |
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| author | Xue Li Xue Li Xue Li Xiaoyong Duan Xiaoyong Duan Xingliang He Xingliang He Yongqing Xie Yongqing Xie Yongqing Xie Yongqing Xie Lei Yang Lei Yang Lei Yang Lei Yang Ping Yin Ping Yin Ke Cao Ke Cao Bin Chen Bin Chen Fei Gao Fei Gao Feng Li |
| author_facet | Xue Li Xue Li Xue Li Xiaoyong Duan Xiaoyong Duan Xingliang He Xingliang He Yongqing Xie Yongqing Xie Yongqing Xie Yongqing Xie Lei Yang Lei Yang Lei Yang Lei Yang Ping Yin Ping Yin Ke Cao Ke Cao Bin Chen Bin Chen Fei Gao Fei Gao Feng Li |
| author_sort | Xue Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Shallow gas was widely recognized in the coastal region, especially in the estuarine delta areas with high organic matter (OM) burial flux. In this study, the vertical variations of shallow gas and the related geochemical indicators from two boreholes in the coastal region of the East China Sea (ECS) were investigated. Two gas-bearing layers were identified in the sediments from the Holocene and late Pleistocene series. Both boreholes exhibit a “typical” and an “inverse” Sulfate Methane Transition Zone (SMTZ). The “typical” SMTZs (SMTZ1 and SMTZ3) were in the upper part of the gas-bearing layers, where sulfate levels decrease and methane levels increase with depth. Conversely, the “inverse” SMTZs (SMTZ2 and SMTZ4) were in the lower part of the gas-bearing layers, exhibiting an increase in sulfate levels and a decrease in methane levels with depth, a phenomenon rarely documented in previous research. The downward variations of pore water geochemical characteristics indicates that these ions were related to Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane (AOM) processes. The increase in Ca2+ and Ba2+ concentrations and the gradual decrease in sulfate at the SMTZ reflect a series of biogeochemical processes resulting from the dissolution of carbonate and other minerals by AOM. The research indicates that sulfate in AOM may originate from multiple sources. Through analyzing the vertical distribution of shallow gas and the geochemical properties of pore water, this study elucidates the shallow gas formation mechanism and the features of the SMTZ, laying the groundwork for further investigations. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T20:27:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-50cddefb51254bd4a535953af04f5b81 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-7745 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T20:27:52Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Marine Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-50cddefb51254bd4a535953af04f5b812024-03-22T04:38:09ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Marine Science2296-77452024-03-011110.3389/fmars.2024.13437011343701The relationships between vertical variations of shallow gas and pore water geochemical characteristics in boreholes from the inner shelf of the East China SeaXue Li0Xue Li1Xue Li2Xiaoyong Duan3Xiaoyong Duan4Xingliang He5Xingliang He6Yongqing Xie7Yongqing Xie8Yongqing Xie9Yongqing Xie10Lei Yang11Lei Yang12Lei Yang13Lei Yang14Ping Yin15Ping Yin16Ke Cao17Ke Cao18Bin Chen19Bin Chen20Fei Gao21Fei Gao22Feng Li23Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing, ChinaQingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao, ChinaSchool of Earth Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, ChinaQingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao, ChinaZhoushan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Marine Geo-hazards, China Geological Survey, Qingdao, ChinaQingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao, ChinaZhoushan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Marine Geo-hazards, China Geological Survey, Qingdao, ChinaZhoushan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Marine Geo-hazards, China Geological Survey, Qingdao, ChinaDonghai Laboratory, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, ChinaZhejiang Institute of Marine Geology Survey, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, ChinaZhejiang Engineering Survey and Design Institute Group CO. LTD, Ningbo, Zhejiang, ChinaZhoushan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Marine Geo-hazards, China Geological Survey, Qingdao, ChinaDonghai Laboratory, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, ChinaZhejiang Institute of Marine Geology Survey, Zhoushan, Zhejiang, ChinaZhejiang Engineering Survey and Design Institute Group CO. LTD, Ningbo, Zhejiang, ChinaQingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao, ChinaZhoushan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Marine Geo-hazards, China Geological Survey, Qingdao, ChinaQingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao, ChinaZhoushan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Marine Geo-hazards, China Geological Survey, Qingdao, ChinaQingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao, ChinaZhoushan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Marine Geo-hazards, China Geological Survey, Qingdao, ChinaQingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao, ChinaZhoushan Field Scientific Observation and Research Station for Marine Geo-hazards, China Geological Survey, Qingdao, ChinaQingdao Institute of Marine Geology, China Geological Survey, Qingdao, ChinaShallow gas was widely recognized in the coastal region, especially in the estuarine delta areas with high organic matter (OM) burial flux. In this study, the vertical variations of shallow gas and the related geochemical indicators from two boreholes in the coastal region of the East China Sea (ECS) were investigated. Two gas-bearing layers were identified in the sediments from the Holocene and late Pleistocene series. Both boreholes exhibit a “typical” and an “inverse” Sulfate Methane Transition Zone (SMTZ). The “typical” SMTZs (SMTZ1 and SMTZ3) were in the upper part of the gas-bearing layers, where sulfate levels decrease and methane levels increase with depth. Conversely, the “inverse” SMTZs (SMTZ2 and SMTZ4) were in the lower part of the gas-bearing layers, exhibiting an increase in sulfate levels and a decrease in methane levels with depth, a phenomenon rarely documented in previous research. The downward variations of pore water geochemical characteristics indicates that these ions were related to Anaerobic Oxidation of Methane (AOM) processes. The increase in Ca2+ and Ba2+ concentrations and the gradual decrease in sulfate at the SMTZ reflect a series of biogeochemical processes resulting from the dissolution of carbonate and other minerals by AOM. The research indicates that sulfate in AOM may originate from multiple sources. Through analyzing the vertical distribution of shallow gas and the geochemical properties of pore water, this study elucidates the shallow gas formation mechanism and the features of the SMTZ, laying the groundwork for further investigations.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1343701/fullAOMinverse SMTZpore water geochemistrycoastal sedimentECS |
| spellingShingle | Xue Li Xue Li Xue Li Xiaoyong Duan Xiaoyong Duan Xingliang He Xingliang He Yongqing Xie Yongqing Xie Yongqing Xie Yongqing Xie Lei Yang Lei Yang Lei Yang Lei Yang Ping Yin Ping Yin Ke Cao Ke Cao Bin Chen Bin Chen Fei Gao Fei Gao Feng Li The relationships between vertical variations of shallow gas and pore water geochemical characteristics in boreholes from the inner shelf of the East China Sea Frontiers in Marine Science AOM inverse SMTZ pore water geochemistry coastal sediment ECS |
| title | The relationships between vertical variations of shallow gas and pore water geochemical characteristics in boreholes from the inner shelf of the East China Sea |
| title_full | The relationships between vertical variations of shallow gas and pore water geochemical characteristics in boreholes from the inner shelf of the East China Sea |
| title_fullStr | The relationships between vertical variations of shallow gas and pore water geochemical characteristics in boreholes from the inner shelf of the East China Sea |
| title_full_unstemmed | The relationships between vertical variations of shallow gas and pore water geochemical characteristics in boreholes from the inner shelf of the East China Sea |
| title_short | The relationships between vertical variations of shallow gas and pore water geochemical characteristics in boreholes from the inner shelf of the East China Sea |
| title_sort | relationships between vertical variations of shallow gas and pore water geochemical characteristics in boreholes from the inner shelf of the east china sea |
| topic | AOM inverse SMTZ pore water geochemistry coastal sediment ECS |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmars.2024.1343701/full |
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