COVID-19 Vaccines’ Protection Over Time and the Need for Booster Doses; a Systematic Review
Introduction: Controversies existed regarding the duration of COVID-19 vaccines’ protection and whether receiving the usual vaccine doses would be sufficient for long-term immunity. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the studies regarding the COVID-19 vaccines’ protection three months aft...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/aaem/index.php/AAEM/article/view/1582 |
| _version_ | 1818536787638747136 |
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| author | Omid Dadras SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi Amirali Karimi Alireza Shojaei Ava Amiri Sara Mahdiabadi Amirata Fakhfouri Armin Razi Hengameh Mojdeganlou Paniz Mojdeganlou Alireza Barzegary Zahra Pashaei Amir Masoud Afsahi Parnian Shobeiri Esmaeil Mehraeen |
| author_facet | Omid Dadras SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi Amirali Karimi Alireza Shojaei Ava Amiri Sara Mahdiabadi Amirata Fakhfouri Armin Razi Hengameh Mojdeganlou Paniz Mojdeganlou Alireza Barzegary Zahra Pashaei Amir Masoud Afsahi Parnian Shobeiri Esmaeil Mehraeen |
| author_sort | Omid Dadras |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Introduction: Controversies existed regarding the duration of COVID-19 vaccines’ protection and whether receiving the usual vaccine doses would be sufficient for long-term immunity. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the studies regarding the COVID-19 vaccines’ protection three months after getting fully vaccinated and assess the need for vaccine booster doses.
Methods: The relevant literature was searched using a combination of keywords on the online databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane on September 17th, 2021. The records were downloaded and the duplicates were removed. Then, the records were evaluated in a two-step process, consisting of title/abstract and full-text screening processes, and the eligible records were selected for the qualitative synthesis. We only included original studies that evaluated the efficacy and immunity of COVID-19 vaccines three months after full vaccination. This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement to ensure the reliability of results.
Results: Out of the 797 retrieved records, 12 studies were included, 10 on mRNA-based vaccines and two on inactivated vaccines. The majority of included studies observed acceptable antibody titers in most of the participants even after 6 months; however,it appeared that the titers could also decrease in a considerable portion of people. Due to the reduction in antibody titers and vaccine protection, several studies suggested administering the booster dose, especially for older patients and those with underlying conditions, such as patients with immunodeficiencies.
Conclusion: Studies indicated that vaccine immunity decreases over time, making people more susceptible to contracting the disease. Besides, new variants are emerging, and the omicron variant is continuing to spread and escape from the immune system, indicating the importance of a booster dose.
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| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T18:42:26Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-50ce7926846f4272898d4947e809bc53 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2645-4904 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T18:42:26Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-50ce7926846f4272898d4947e809bc532022-12-22T00:54:34ZengShahid Beheshti University of Medical SciencesArchives of Academic Emergency Medicine2645-49042022-07-0110110.22037/aaem.v10i1.1582COVID-19 Vaccines’ Protection Over Time and the Need for Booster Doses; a Systematic ReviewOmid DadrasSeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghiAmirali KarimiAlireza ShojaeiAva AmiriSara MahdiabadiAmirata FakhfouriArmin RaziHengameh MojdeganlouPaniz MojdeganlouAlireza BarzegaryZahra PashaeiAmir Masoud AfsahiParnian ShobeiriEsmaeil Mehraeen0Khalkhal University of Medical Sciences Introduction: Controversies existed regarding the duration of COVID-19 vaccines’ protection and whether receiving the usual vaccine doses would be sufficient for long-term immunity. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the studies regarding the COVID-19 vaccines’ protection three months after getting fully vaccinated and assess the need for vaccine booster doses. Methods: The relevant literature was searched using a combination of keywords on the online databases of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane on September 17th, 2021. The records were downloaded and the duplicates were removed. Then, the records were evaluated in a two-step process, consisting of title/abstract and full-text screening processes, and the eligible records were selected for the qualitative synthesis. We only included original studies that evaluated the efficacy and immunity of COVID-19 vaccines three months after full vaccination. This review adhered to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) statement to ensure the reliability of results. Results: Out of the 797 retrieved records, 12 studies were included, 10 on mRNA-based vaccines and two on inactivated vaccines. The majority of included studies observed acceptable antibody titers in most of the participants even after 6 months; however,it appeared that the titers could also decrease in a considerable portion of people. Due to the reduction in antibody titers and vaccine protection, several studies suggested administering the booster dose, especially for older patients and those with underlying conditions, such as patients with immunodeficiencies. Conclusion: Studies indicated that vaccine immunity decreases over time, making people more susceptible to contracting the disease. Besides, new variants are emerging, and the omicron variant is continuing to spread and escape from the immune system, indicating the importance of a booster dose. https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/aaem/index.php/AAEM/article/view/1582COVID-19COVID-19 vaccinesImmunitySARS-CoV-2VaccinesVaccine-preventable diseases |
| spellingShingle | Omid Dadras SeyedAhmad SeyedAlinaghi Amirali Karimi Alireza Shojaei Ava Amiri Sara Mahdiabadi Amirata Fakhfouri Armin Razi Hengameh Mojdeganlou Paniz Mojdeganlou Alireza Barzegary Zahra Pashaei Amir Masoud Afsahi Parnian Shobeiri Esmaeil Mehraeen COVID-19 Vaccines’ Protection Over Time and the Need for Booster Doses; a Systematic Review Archives of Academic Emergency Medicine COVID-19 COVID-19 vaccines Immunity SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Vaccine-preventable diseases |
| title | COVID-19 Vaccines’ Protection Over Time and the Need for Booster Doses; a Systematic Review |
| title_full | COVID-19 Vaccines’ Protection Over Time and the Need for Booster Doses; a Systematic Review |
| title_fullStr | COVID-19 Vaccines’ Protection Over Time and the Need for Booster Doses; a Systematic Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | COVID-19 Vaccines’ Protection Over Time and the Need for Booster Doses; a Systematic Review |
| title_short | COVID-19 Vaccines’ Protection Over Time and the Need for Booster Doses; a Systematic Review |
| title_sort | covid 19 vaccines protection over time and the need for booster doses a systematic review |
| topic | COVID-19 COVID-19 vaccines Immunity SARS-CoV-2 Vaccines Vaccine-preventable diseases |
| url | https://journals.sbmu.ac.ir/aaem/index.php/AAEM/article/view/1582 |
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