EEG 40 Hz Coherence Decreases in REM Sleep and Ketamine Model of Psychosis
Cognitive processes are carried out during wakefulness by means of extensive interactions between cortical and subcortical areas. In psychiatric conditions, such as psychosis, these processes are altered. Interestingly, REM sleep where most dreams occurs, shares electrophysiological, pharmacological...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00766/full |
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| author | Santiago Castro-Zaballa Matías Lorenzo Cavelli Joaquin Gonzalez Antonio Egidio Nardi Antonio Egidio Nardi Sergio Machado Sergio Machado Sergio Machado Cecilia Scorza Pablo Torterolo Pablo Torterolo |
| author_facet | Santiago Castro-Zaballa Matías Lorenzo Cavelli Joaquin Gonzalez Antonio Egidio Nardi Antonio Egidio Nardi Sergio Machado Sergio Machado Sergio Machado Cecilia Scorza Pablo Torterolo Pablo Torterolo |
| author_sort | Santiago Castro-Zaballa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cognitive processes are carried out during wakefulness by means of extensive interactions between cortical and subcortical areas. In psychiatric conditions, such as psychosis, these processes are altered. Interestingly, REM sleep where most dreams occurs, shares electrophysiological, pharmacological, and neurochemical features with psychosis. Because of this fact, REM sleep is considered a natural model of psychosis. Ketamine is a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that at sub-anesthetic dose induces psychotomimetic-like effects in humans and animals, and is employed as a pharmacological model of psychosis. Oscillations in the gamma frequency band of the electroencephalogram (EEG), mainly at about 40 Hz, have been involved in cognitive functions. Hence, the present study was conducted to analyze the EEG low gamma (30–45 Hz) band power and coherence of the cat, in natural (REM sleep) and pharmacological (sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine) models of psychosis. These results were compared with the gamma activity during alert (AW) and quiet wakefulness (QW), as well as during non-REM (NREM) sleep. Five cats were chronically prepared for polysomnographic recordings, with electrodes in different cortical areas. Basal recordings were obtained and ketamine (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg, i.m.) was administrated. Gamma activity (power and coherence) was analyzed in the abovementioned conditions. Compared to wakefulness and NREM sleep, following ketamine administration gamma coherence decreased among all cortical regions studied; the same coherence profile was observed during REM sleep. On the contrary, gamma power was relatively high under ketamine, and similar to QW and REM sleep. We conclude that functional interactions between cortical areas in the gamma frequency band decrease in both experimental models of psychosis. This uncoupling of gamma frequency activity may be involved in the cognitive features shared by dreaming and psychosis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-14T13:02:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-50d0d930cfa84b068a5cd379fe008713 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-0640 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-14T13:02:14Z |
| publishDate | 2019-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-50d0d930cfa84b068a5cd379fe0087132022-12-21T23:00:24ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychiatry1664-06402019-01-01910.3389/fpsyt.2018.00766418247EEG 40 Hz Coherence Decreases in REM Sleep and Ketamine Model of PsychosisSantiago Castro-Zaballa0Matías Lorenzo Cavelli1Joaquin Gonzalez2Antonio Egidio Nardi3Antonio Egidio Nardi4Sergio Machado5Sergio Machado6Sergio Machado7Cecilia Scorza8Pablo Torterolo9Pablo Torterolo10Laboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, UruguayLaboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, UruguayLaboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, UruguayLaboratório de Pânico e Respiração, Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilLaboratório de Neurociência da Atividade Física, Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilLaboratório de Pânico e Respiração, Instituto de Psiquiatria da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilLaboratório de Neurociência da Atividade Física, Universidade Salgado de Oliveira, Rio de Janeiro, BrazilThe Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Merida, MexicoDepartamento de Neurofarmacología Experimental, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas Clemente Estable, Montevideo, UruguayLaboratorio de Neurobiología del Sueño, Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, UruguayThe Intercontinental Neuroscience Research Group, Merida, MexicoCognitive processes are carried out during wakefulness by means of extensive interactions between cortical and subcortical areas. In psychiatric conditions, such as psychosis, these processes are altered. Interestingly, REM sleep where most dreams occurs, shares electrophysiological, pharmacological, and neurochemical features with psychosis. Because of this fact, REM sleep is considered a natural model of psychosis. Ketamine is a non-competitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonist that at sub-anesthetic dose induces psychotomimetic-like effects in humans and animals, and is employed as a pharmacological model of psychosis. Oscillations in the gamma frequency band of the electroencephalogram (EEG), mainly at about 40 Hz, have been involved in cognitive functions. Hence, the present study was conducted to analyze the EEG low gamma (30–45 Hz) band power and coherence of the cat, in natural (REM sleep) and pharmacological (sub-anesthetic doses of ketamine) models of psychosis. These results were compared with the gamma activity during alert (AW) and quiet wakefulness (QW), as well as during non-REM (NREM) sleep. Five cats were chronically prepared for polysomnographic recordings, with electrodes in different cortical areas. Basal recordings were obtained and ketamine (5, 10, and 15 mg/kg, i.m.) was administrated. Gamma activity (power and coherence) was analyzed in the abovementioned conditions. Compared to wakefulness and NREM sleep, following ketamine administration gamma coherence decreased among all cortical regions studied; the same coherence profile was observed during REM sleep. On the contrary, gamma power was relatively high under ketamine, and similar to QW and REM sleep. We conclude that functional interactions between cortical areas in the gamma frequency band decrease in both experimental models of psychosis. This uncoupling of gamma frequency activity may be involved in the cognitive features shared by dreaming and psychosis.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00766/fullgammaschizophreniaelectroencephalogramNMDAcognitiondreams |
| spellingShingle | Santiago Castro-Zaballa Matías Lorenzo Cavelli Joaquin Gonzalez Antonio Egidio Nardi Antonio Egidio Nardi Sergio Machado Sergio Machado Sergio Machado Cecilia Scorza Pablo Torterolo Pablo Torterolo EEG 40 Hz Coherence Decreases in REM Sleep and Ketamine Model of Psychosis Frontiers in Psychiatry gamma schizophrenia electroencephalogram NMDA cognition dreams |
| title | EEG 40 Hz Coherence Decreases in REM Sleep and Ketamine Model of Psychosis |
| title_full | EEG 40 Hz Coherence Decreases in REM Sleep and Ketamine Model of Psychosis |
| title_fullStr | EEG 40 Hz Coherence Decreases in REM Sleep and Ketamine Model of Psychosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | EEG 40 Hz Coherence Decreases in REM Sleep and Ketamine Model of Psychosis |
| title_short | EEG 40 Hz Coherence Decreases in REM Sleep and Ketamine Model of Psychosis |
| title_sort | eeg 40 hz coherence decreases in rem sleep and ketamine model of psychosis |
| topic | gamma schizophrenia electroencephalogram NMDA cognition dreams |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00766/full |
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