Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distributions in the Southwest Mountain Areas of China According to Seasonal Variation and Rain Types
The precipitation and raindrop size distribution (RSD) characteristics of the four seasons and different rain types were studied using a PARSIVEL<sup>2</sup> raindrop disdrometer set in the southwest mountain areas of China from 2019 to 2021. The seasonal precipitation in the southwest m...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| Series: | Remote Sensing |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1246 |
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| author | Haopeng Wu Shengjie Niu Yue Zhou Jing Sun Jingjing Lv Yixiao He |
| author_facet | Haopeng Wu Shengjie Niu Yue Zhou Jing Sun Jingjing Lv Yixiao He |
| author_sort | Haopeng Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The precipitation and raindrop size distribution (RSD) characteristics of the four seasons and different rain types were studied using a PARSIVEL<sup>2</sup> raindrop disdrometer set in the southwest mountain areas of China from 2019 to 2021. The seasonal precipitation in the southwest mountain areas was mainly stratiform rain. The peaks of the RSD were about 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than those in the plains. The convective rain in spring and autumn was very close to the ocean-like convective mass. The local shape–slope (<i>μ</i>–Λ), radar reflectivity–rain rate (<i>Z</i>–<i>R</i>), and kinetic energy–rain rate (<i>KE</i>–<i>R</i>) relationships were further derived, and the diversity of these relationships was mainly due to the variability of the RSDs. In addition, the differences in the RSD characteristics between the top and the foot of the mountain during a typical precipitation process in the summer of 2020 were further compared. It was found that the number density of the small particles at the top of the mountain was higher than that at the foot of the mountain due to the broken large raindrops caused by the high wind speed, while the high evaporation rate, strong convective available potential energy (CPAE), and water vapor content at the foot of the mountain could strengthen the RSD, making the number density of the large raindrops at the foot of the mountain higher than that at the top. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:12:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-50d32d9efd7341c39b5a2758b89dcb1d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-4292 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T07:12:14Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Remote Sensing |
| spelling | doaj.art-50d32d9efd7341c39b5a2758b89dcb1d2023-11-17T08:30:26ZengMDPI AGRemote Sensing2072-42922023-02-01155124610.3390/rs15051246Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distributions in the Southwest Mountain Areas of China According to Seasonal Variation and Rain TypesHaopeng Wu0Shengjie Niu1Yue Zhou2Jing Sun3Jingjing Lv4Yixiao He5School of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaSchool of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaInstitute of Heavy Rain, CMA, Wuhan 430205, ChinaInstitute of Heavy Rain, CMA, Wuhan 430205, ChinaSchool of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaReading Academy, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaThe precipitation and raindrop size distribution (RSD) characteristics of the four seasons and different rain types were studied using a PARSIVEL<sup>2</sup> raindrop disdrometer set in the southwest mountain areas of China from 2019 to 2021. The seasonal precipitation in the southwest mountain areas was mainly stratiform rain. The peaks of the RSD were about 1–2 orders of magnitude higher than those in the plains. The convective rain in spring and autumn was very close to the ocean-like convective mass. The local shape–slope (<i>μ</i>–Λ), radar reflectivity–rain rate (<i>Z</i>–<i>R</i>), and kinetic energy–rain rate (<i>KE</i>–<i>R</i>) relationships were further derived, and the diversity of these relationships was mainly due to the variability of the RSDs. In addition, the differences in the RSD characteristics between the top and the foot of the mountain during a typical precipitation process in the summer of 2020 were further compared. It was found that the number density of the small particles at the top of the mountain was higher than that at the foot of the mountain due to the broken large raindrops caused by the high wind speed, while the high evaporation rate, strong convective available potential energy (CPAE), and water vapor content at the foot of the mountain could strengthen the RSD, making the number density of the large raindrops at the foot of the mountain higher than that at the top.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1246southwest mountain areasraindrop size distribution (RSD)seasonal variationrain typesdifferent heights |
| spellingShingle | Haopeng Wu Shengjie Niu Yue Zhou Jing Sun Jingjing Lv Yixiao He Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distributions in the Southwest Mountain Areas of China According to Seasonal Variation and Rain Types Remote Sensing southwest mountain areas raindrop size distribution (RSD) seasonal variation rain types different heights |
| title | Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distributions in the Southwest Mountain Areas of China According to Seasonal Variation and Rain Types |
| title_full | Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distributions in the Southwest Mountain Areas of China According to Seasonal Variation and Rain Types |
| title_fullStr | Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distributions in the Southwest Mountain Areas of China According to Seasonal Variation and Rain Types |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distributions in the Southwest Mountain Areas of China According to Seasonal Variation and Rain Types |
| title_short | Characteristics of Raindrop Size Distributions in the Southwest Mountain Areas of China According to Seasonal Variation and Rain Types |
| title_sort | characteristics of raindrop size distributions in the southwest mountain areas of china according to seasonal variation and rain types |
| topic | southwest mountain areas raindrop size distribution (RSD) seasonal variation rain types different heights |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-4292/15/5/1246 |
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