Evaluation of Apical and Molecular Effects of Algae <i>Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata</i> to Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles
Cerium oxide engineered nanoparticles (nCeO<sub>2</sub>) are widely used in various applications and are, also, increasingly being detected in different environmental matrixes. However, their impacts on the aquatic environment remain poorly quantified. Hence, there is a need to investiga...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/3/283 |
| _version_ | 1797608764326543360 |
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| author | Ntombikayise Mahaye Ndeke Musee |
| author_facet | Ntombikayise Mahaye Ndeke Musee |
| author_sort | Ntombikayise Mahaye |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cerium oxide engineered nanoparticles (nCeO<sub>2</sub>) are widely used in various applications and are, also, increasingly being detected in different environmental matrixes. However, their impacts on the aquatic environment remain poorly quantified. Hence, there is a need to investigate their effects on non-target aquatic organisms. Here, we evaluated the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of <25 nm uncoated-nCeO<sub>2</sub> on algae <i>Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata</i>. Apical (growth and chlorophyll <i>a</i> (Chl <i>a</i>) content) and genotoxic effects were investigated at 62.5–1000 µg/L after 72 and 168 h. Results demonstrated that nCeO<sub>2</sub> induced significant growth inhibition after 72 h and promotion post 96–168 h. Conversely, nCeO<sub>2</sub> induced enhanced Chl <i>a</i> content post 72 h, but no significant changes were observed between nCeO<sub>2</sub>–exposed and control samples after 168 h. Hence, the results indicate <i>P. subcapitata</i> photosynthetic system recovery ability to nCeO<sub>2</sub> effects under chronic-exposure conditions. RAPD-PCR profiles showed the appearance and/or disappearance of normal bands relative to controls; indicative of DNA damage and/or DNA mutation. Unlike cell recovery observed post 96 h, DNA damage persisted over 168 h. Thus, sub-lethal nCeO<sub>2</sub>-induced toxicological effects may pose a more serious threat to algae than at present anticipated. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:49:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-50d56d35ca8f46c6afb00c0c39c93867 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T05:49:12Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-50d56d35ca8f46c6afb00c0c39c938672023-11-17T14:13:41ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042023-03-0111328310.3390/toxics11030283Evaluation of Apical and Molecular Effects of Algae <i>Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata</i> to Cerium Oxide NanoparticlesNtombikayise Mahaye0Ndeke Musee1Emerging Contaminants Ecological and Risk Assessment (ECERA) Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South AfricaEmerging Contaminants Ecological and Risk Assessment (ECERA) Research Group, Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Pretoria, Pretoria 0028, South AfricaCerium oxide engineered nanoparticles (nCeO<sub>2</sub>) are widely used in various applications and are, also, increasingly being detected in different environmental matrixes. However, their impacts on the aquatic environment remain poorly quantified. Hence, there is a need to investigate their effects on non-target aquatic organisms. Here, we evaluated the cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of <25 nm uncoated-nCeO<sub>2</sub> on algae <i>Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata</i>. Apical (growth and chlorophyll <i>a</i> (Chl <i>a</i>) content) and genotoxic effects were investigated at 62.5–1000 µg/L after 72 and 168 h. Results demonstrated that nCeO<sub>2</sub> induced significant growth inhibition after 72 h and promotion post 96–168 h. Conversely, nCeO<sub>2</sub> induced enhanced Chl <i>a</i> content post 72 h, but no significant changes were observed between nCeO<sub>2</sub>–exposed and control samples after 168 h. Hence, the results indicate <i>P. subcapitata</i> photosynthetic system recovery ability to nCeO<sub>2</sub> effects under chronic-exposure conditions. RAPD-PCR profiles showed the appearance and/or disappearance of normal bands relative to controls; indicative of DNA damage and/or DNA mutation. Unlike cell recovery observed post 96 h, DNA damage persisted over 168 h. Thus, sub-lethal nCeO<sub>2</sub>-induced toxicological effects may pose a more serious threat to algae than at present anticipated.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/3/283<i>Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata</i>cerium oxide nanoparticlesDNA stabilityRAPD-PCRgrowth effectchlorophyll <i>a</i> content |
| spellingShingle | Ntombikayise Mahaye Ndeke Musee Evaluation of Apical and Molecular Effects of Algae <i>Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata</i> to Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Toxics <i>Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata</i> cerium oxide nanoparticles DNA stability RAPD-PCR growth effect chlorophyll <i>a</i> content |
| title | Evaluation of Apical and Molecular Effects of Algae <i>Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata</i> to Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles |
| title_full | Evaluation of Apical and Molecular Effects of Algae <i>Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata</i> to Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles |
| title_fullStr | Evaluation of Apical and Molecular Effects of Algae <i>Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata</i> to Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluation of Apical and Molecular Effects of Algae <i>Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata</i> to Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles |
| title_short | Evaluation of Apical and Molecular Effects of Algae <i>Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata</i> to Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles |
| title_sort | evaluation of apical and molecular effects of algae i pseudokirchneriella subcapitata i to cerium oxide nanoparticles |
| topic | <i>Pseudokirchneriella subcapitata</i> cerium oxide nanoparticles DNA stability RAPD-PCR growth effect chlorophyll <i>a</i> content |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/11/3/283 |
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