Development of Low-Cost Air Quality Stations for Next Generation Monitoring Networks: Calibration and Validation of PM2.5 and PM10 Sensors
A low-cost air quality station has been developed for real-time monitoring of main atmospheric pollutants. Sensors for CO, CO2, NO2, O3, VOC, PM2.5 and PM10 were integrated on an Arduino Shield compatible board. As concerns PM2.5 and PM10 sensors, the station underwent a laboratory calibration and l...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2018-08-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/9/2843 |
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| author | Alice Cavaliere Federico Carotenuto Filippo Di Gennaro Beniamino Gioli Giovanni Gualtieri Francesca Martelli Alessandro Matese Piero Toscano Carolina Vagnoli Alessandro Zaldei |
| author_facet | Alice Cavaliere Federico Carotenuto Filippo Di Gennaro Beniamino Gioli Giovanni Gualtieri Francesca Martelli Alessandro Matese Piero Toscano Carolina Vagnoli Alessandro Zaldei |
| author_sort | Alice Cavaliere |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A low-cost air quality station has been developed for real-time monitoring of main atmospheric pollutants. Sensors for CO, CO2, NO2, O3, VOC, PM2.5 and PM10 were integrated on an Arduino Shield compatible board. As concerns PM2.5 and PM10 sensors, the station underwent a laboratory calibration and later a field validation. Laboratory calibration has been carried out at the headquarters of CNR-IBIMET in Florence (Italy) against a TSI DustTrak reference instrument. A MATLAB procedure, implementing advanced mathematical techniques to detect possible complex non-linear relationships between sensor signals and reference data, has been developed and implemented to accomplish the laboratory calibration. Field validation has been performed across a full “heating season” (1 November 2016 to 15 April 2017) by co-locating the station at a road site in Florence where an official fixed air quality station was in operation. Both calibration and validation processes returned fine scores, in most cases better than those achieved for similar systems in the literature. During field validation, in particular, for PM2.5 and PM10 mean biases of 0.036 and 0.598 µg/m3, RMSE of 4.056 and 6.084 µg/m3, and R2 of 0.909 and 0.957 were achieved, respectively. Robustness of the developed station, seamless deployed through a five and a half month outdoor campaign without registering sensor failures or drifts, is a further key point. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:51:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-50e1f0585ea04464a56dbf29a31f64e5 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:51:53Z |
| publishDate | 2018-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-50e1f0585ea04464a56dbf29a31f64e52022-12-22T04:03:50ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202018-08-01189284310.3390/s18092843s18092843Development of Low-Cost Air Quality Stations for Next Generation Monitoring Networks: Calibration and Validation of PM2.5 and PM10 SensorsAlice Cavaliere0Federico Carotenuto1Filippo Di Gennaro2Beniamino Gioli3Giovanni Gualtieri4Francesca Martelli5Alessandro Matese6Piero Toscano7Carolina Vagnoli8Alessandro Zaldei9Department of Information Engineering (DINFO), University of Firenze, Via di Santa Marta 3, 50139 Firenze, ItalyNational Research Council-Institute of Biometeorology (CNR-IBIMET), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, ItalyNational Research Council-Institute of Biometeorology (CNR-IBIMET), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, ItalyNational Research Council-Institute of Biometeorology (CNR-IBIMET), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, ItalyNational Research Council-Institute of Biometeorology (CNR-IBIMET), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, ItalyNational Research Council-Institute of Biometeorology (CNR-IBIMET), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, ItalyNational Research Council-Institute of Biometeorology (CNR-IBIMET), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, ItalyNational Research Council-Institute of Biometeorology (CNR-IBIMET), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, ItalyNational Research Council-Institute of Biometeorology (CNR-IBIMET), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, ItalyNational Research Council-Institute of Biometeorology (CNR-IBIMET), Via Caproni 8, 50145 Firenze, ItalyA low-cost air quality station has been developed for real-time monitoring of main atmospheric pollutants. Sensors for CO, CO2, NO2, O3, VOC, PM2.5 and PM10 were integrated on an Arduino Shield compatible board. As concerns PM2.5 and PM10 sensors, the station underwent a laboratory calibration and later a field validation. Laboratory calibration has been carried out at the headquarters of CNR-IBIMET in Florence (Italy) against a TSI DustTrak reference instrument. A MATLAB procedure, implementing advanced mathematical techniques to detect possible complex non-linear relationships between sensor signals and reference data, has been developed and implemented to accomplish the laboratory calibration. Field validation has been performed across a full “heating season” (1 November 2016 to 15 April 2017) by co-locating the station at a road site in Florence where an official fixed air quality station was in operation. Both calibration and validation processes returned fine scores, in most cases better than those achieved for similar systems in the literature. During field validation, in particular, for PM2.5 and PM10 mean biases of 0.036 and 0.598 µg/m3, RMSE of 4.056 and 6.084 µg/m3, and R2 of 0.909 and 0.957 were achieved, respectively. Robustness of the developed station, seamless deployed through a five and a half month outdoor campaign without registering sensor failures or drifts, is a further key point.http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/9/2843air quality monitoringlow-cost sensorsnext generation networkslaboratory calibrationfield validationPM2.5PM10 |
| spellingShingle | Alice Cavaliere Federico Carotenuto Filippo Di Gennaro Beniamino Gioli Giovanni Gualtieri Francesca Martelli Alessandro Matese Piero Toscano Carolina Vagnoli Alessandro Zaldei Development of Low-Cost Air Quality Stations for Next Generation Monitoring Networks: Calibration and Validation of PM2.5 and PM10 Sensors Sensors air quality monitoring low-cost sensors next generation networks laboratory calibration field validation PM2.5 PM10 |
| title | Development of Low-Cost Air Quality Stations for Next Generation Monitoring Networks: Calibration and Validation of PM2.5 and PM10 Sensors |
| title_full | Development of Low-Cost Air Quality Stations for Next Generation Monitoring Networks: Calibration and Validation of PM2.5 and PM10 Sensors |
| title_fullStr | Development of Low-Cost Air Quality Stations for Next Generation Monitoring Networks: Calibration and Validation of PM2.5 and PM10 Sensors |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development of Low-Cost Air Quality Stations for Next Generation Monitoring Networks: Calibration and Validation of PM2.5 and PM10 Sensors |
| title_short | Development of Low-Cost Air Quality Stations for Next Generation Monitoring Networks: Calibration and Validation of PM2.5 and PM10 Sensors |
| title_sort | development of low cost air quality stations for next generation monitoring networks calibration and validation of pm2 5 and pm10 sensors |
| topic | air quality monitoring low-cost sensors next generation networks laboratory calibration field validation PM2.5 PM10 |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/9/2843 |
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