Impact of the Marker Set Configuration on the Accuracy of Gait Event Detection in Healthy and Pathological Subjects
For interpreting outcomes of clinical gait analysis, an accurate estimation of gait events, such as initial contact (IC) and toe-off (TO), is essential. Numerous algorithms to automatically identify timing of gait events have been developed based on various marker set configurations as input. Howeve...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2021.720699/full |
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| author | Rosa M. S. Visscher Rosa M. S. Visscher Marie Freslier Florent Moissenet Sailee Sansgiri Navrag B. Singh Elke Viehweger Elke Viehweger William R. Taylor Reinald Brunner Reinald Brunner |
| author_facet | Rosa M. S. Visscher Rosa M. S. Visscher Marie Freslier Florent Moissenet Sailee Sansgiri Navrag B. Singh Elke Viehweger Elke Viehweger William R. Taylor Reinald Brunner Reinald Brunner |
| author_sort | Rosa M. S. Visscher |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | For interpreting outcomes of clinical gait analysis, an accurate estimation of gait events, such as initial contact (IC) and toe-off (TO), is essential. Numerous algorithms to automatically identify timing of gait events have been developed based on various marker set configurations as input. However, a systematic overview of the effect of the marker selection on the accuracy of estimating gait event timing is lacking. Therefore, we aim to evaluate (1) if the marker selection influences the accuracy of kinematic algorithms for estimating gait event timings and (2) what the best marker location is to ensure the highest event timing accuracy across various gait patterns. 104 individuals with cerebral palsy (16.0 ± 8.6 years) and 31 typically developing controls (age 20.6 ± 7.8) performed clinical gait analysis, and were divided into two out of eight groups based on the orientation of their foot, in sagittal and frontal plane at mid-stance. 3D marker trajectories of 11 foot/ankle markers were used to estimate the gait event timings (IC, TO) using five commonly used kinematic algorithms. Heatmaps, for IC and TO timing per group were created showing the median detection error, compared to detection using vertical ground reaction forces, for each marker. Our findings indicate that median detection errors can be kept within 7 ms for IC and 13 ms for TO when optimizing the choice of marker and detection algorithm toward foot orientation in midstance. Our results highlight that the use of markers located on the midfoot is robust for detecting gait events across different gait patterns. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T09:51:08Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-50ebaaba39ac40b690b8a2f0d01dbd51 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1662-5161 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T09:51:08Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Human Neuroscience |
| spelling | doaj.art-50ebaaba39ac40b690b8a2f0d01dbd512022-12-21T18:30:22ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Human Neuroscience1662-51612021-09-011510.3389/fnhum.2021.720699720699Impact of the Marker Set Configuration on the Accuracy of Gait Event Detection in Healthy and Pathological SubjectsRosa M. S. Visscher0Rosa M. S. Visscher1Marie Freslier2Florent Moissenet3Sailee Sansgiri4Navrag B. Singh5Elke Viehweger6Elke Viehweger7William R. Taylor8Reinald Brunner9Reinald Brunner10Laboratory for Movement Biomechanics, Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, SwitzerlandBiomechanics of Movement Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandLaboratory for Movement Analysis, Department of Orthopedics, University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandLaboratory for Kinesiology, University of Geneva and Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, SwitzerlandDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical, Maritime, and Materials Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Delft, NetherlandsLaboratory for Movement Biomechanics, Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, SwitzerlandBiomechanics of Movement Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandLaboratory for Movement Analysis, Department of Orthopedics, University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandLaboratory for Movement Biomechanics, Department of Health Science and Technology, Institute for Biomechanics, ETH Zürich, Zurich, SwitzerlandBiomechanics of Movement Group, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandLaboratory for Movement Analysis, Department of Orthopedics, University Children’s Hospital Basel, Basel, SwitzerlandFor interpreting outcomes of clinical gait analysis, an accurate estimation of gait events, such as initial contact (IC) and toe-off (TO), is essential. Numerous algorithms to automatically identify timing of gait events have been developed based on various marker set configurations as input. However, a systematic overview of the effect of the marker selection on the accuracy of estimating gait event timing is lacking. Therefore, we aim to evaluate (1) if the marker selection influences the accuracy of kinematic algorithms for estimating gait event timings and (2) what the best marker location is to ensure the highest event timing accuracy across various gait patterns. 104 individuals with cerebral palsy (16.0 ± 8.6 years) and 31 typically developing controls (age 20.6 ± 7.8) performed clinical gait analysis, and were divided into two out of eight groups based on the orientation of their foot, in sagittal and frontal plane at mid-stance. 3D marker trajectories of 11 foot/ankle markers were used to estimate the gait event timings (IC, TO) using five commonly used kinematic algorithms. Heatmaps, for IC and TO timing per group were created showing the median detection error, compared to detection using vertical ground reaction forces, for each marker. Our findings indicate that median detection errors can be kept within 7 ms for IC and 13 ms for TO when optimizing the choice of marker and detection algorithm toward foot orientation in midstance. Our results highlight that the use of markers located on the midfoot is robust for detecting gait events across different gait patterns.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2021.720699/fullgait analysispathological gaitcerebral palsygait event detectionmotion capture |
| spellingShingle | Rosa M. S. Visscher Rosa M. S. Visscher Marie Freslier Florent Moissenet Sailee Sansgiri Navrag B. Singh Elke Viehweger Elke Viehweger William R. Taylor Reinald Brunner Reinald Brunner Impact of the Marker Set Configuration on the Accuracy of Gait Event Detection in Healthy and Pathological Subjects Frontiers in Human Neuroscience gait analysis pathological gait cerebral palsy gait event detection motion capture |
| title | Impact of the Marker Set Configuration on the Accuracy of Gait Event Detection in Healthy and Pathological Subjects |
| title_full | Impact of the Marker Set Configuration on the Accuracy of Gait Event Detection in Healthy and Pathological Subjects |
| title_fullStr | Impact of the Marker Set Configuration on the Accuracy of Gait Event Detection in Healthy and Pathological Subjects |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of the Marker Set Configuration on the Accuracy of Gait Event Detection in Healthy and Pathological Subjects |
| title_short | Impact of the Marker Set Configuration on the Accuracy of Gait Event Detection in Healthy and Pathological Subjects |
| title_sort | impact of the marker set configuration on the accuracy of gait event detection in healthy and pathological subjects |
| topic | gait analysis pathological gait cerebral palsy gait event detection motion capture |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnhum.2021.720699/full |
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