Determining Physiological and Energetic Demands during High-Level Pommel Horse Routines Using a Modified Method Based on Heart Rate–Oxygen Uptake Functions
This study aimed (1) to assess the validity of a modified method (M<sub>mod</sub>) based on heart rate (HR)—oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2</sub>) regression functions to calculate total energy costs (W<sub>total</sub>) and aerobic (W<sub>aer</sub>) and anaero...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Sports |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/12/1/27 |
| _version_ | 1797342532742414336 |
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| author | Alexander Seemann-Sinn Peter Rüdrich Tom Gorges Ingo Sandau Falk Naundorf Bernd Wolfarth |
| author_facet | Alexander Seemann-Sinn Peter Rüdrich Tom Gorges Ingo Sandau Falk Naundorf Bernd Wolfarth |
| author_sort | Alexander Seemann-Sinn |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study aimed (1) to assess the validity of a modified method (M<sub>mod</sub>) based on heart rate (HR)—oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2</sub>) regression functions to calculate total energy costs (W<sub>total</sub>) and aerobic (W<sub>aer</sub>) and anaerobic alactic energy contribution (W<sub>pcr</sub>) and (2) to analyse the physiological and energetic demands of high-level pommel horse routines (PH routines). The M<sub>mod</sub> was developed because VO<sub>2</sub> measurements are limited during high-level PH routines. Answering Part 1, nine male artistic gymnasts performed a PH routine where energy costs were calculated from VO<sub>2</sub> measurements and then compared with energy costs determined from the HR- VO<sub>2</sub> regressions of M<sub>mod</sub>’s two additional tests. Using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and Deming regression, W<sub>aer</sub> (CCC = 0.955), W<sub>pcr</sub> (CCC = 0.999), and W<sub>total</sub> (CCC = 0.990) show substantial to almost perfect validity without constant or proportional bias. Data from eight further gymnasts performing a high-level PH routine and a graded exercise test (GXT), as well as four data sets from Part 1, were used to determine physiological and energetic demands using M<sub>mod</sub>. VO<sub>2</sub> and HR during PH routines reached 86.1% and 90.4% of the maximal values during GXT. W<sub>pcr</sub> was 47.0%, anaerobic lactic energy contribution (W<sub>blc</sub>) was 29.7%, and W<sub>aer</sub> was 23.3% of W<sub>total</sub> required during PH routines. Summarising the energetic demands of high-level PH routines, they are mainly anaerobic, where W<sub>pcr</sub> provides the largest energy share. W<sub>aer</sub> provides a substantial part of W<sub>total</sub> and should therefore also be specifically trained. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:34:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-50f242a012a74fa2972e5e021f3650e7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4663 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T10:34:19Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sports |
| spelling | doaj.art-50f242a012a74fa2972e5e021f3650e72024-01-26T18:30:04ZengMDPI AGSports2075-46632024-01-011212710.3390/sports12010027Determining Physiological and Energetic Demands during High-Level Pommel Horse Routines Using a Modified Method Based on Heart Rate–Oxygen Uptake FunctionsAlexander Seemann-Sinn0Peter Rüdrich1Tom Gorges2Ingo Sandau3Falk Naundorf4Bernd Wolfarth5Department of Sports Medicine, Humboldt University of Berlin, 13353 Berlin, GermanyDepartment of Sports Medicine, Institute for Applied Training Science, 04109 Leipzig, GermanyDepartment of Strength, Power and Technical Sports, Institute for Applied Training Science, 04109 Leipzig, GermanyDepartment of Strength, Power and Technical Sports, Institute for Applied Training Science, 04109 Leipzig, GermanyDepartment of Strength, Power and Technical Sports, Institute for Applied Training Science, 04109 Leipzig, GermanyDepartment of Sports Medicine, Humboldt University of Berlin, 13353 Berlin, GermanyThis study aimed (1) to assess the validity of a modified method (M<sub>mod</sub>) based on heart rate (HR)—oxygen uptake (VO<sub>2</sub>) regression functions to calculate total energy costs (W<sub>total</sub>) and aerobic (W<sub>aer</sub>) and anaerobic alactic energy contribution (W<sub>pcr</sub>) and (2) to analyse the physiological and energetic demands of high-level pommel horse routines (PH routines). The M<sub>mod</sub> was developed because VO<sub>2</sub> measurements are limited during high-level PH routines. Answering Part 1, nine male artistic gymnasts performed a PH routine where energy costs were calculated from VO<sub>2</sub> measurements and then compared with energy costs determined from the HR- VO<sub>2</sub> regressions of M<sub>mod</sub>’s two additional tests. Using the concordance correlation coefficient (CCC) and Deming regression, W<sub>aer</sub> (CCC = 0.955), W<sub>pcr</sub> (CCC = 0.999), and W<sub>total</sub> (CCC = 0.990) show substantial to almost perfect validity without constant or proportional bias. Data from eight further gymnasts performing a high-level PH routine and a graded exercise test (GXT), as well as four data sets from Part 1, were used to determine physiological and energetic demands using M<sub>mod</sub>. VO<sub>2</sub> and HR during PH routines reached 86.1% and 90.4% of the maximal values during GXT. W<sub>pcr</sub> was 47.0%, anaerobic lactic energy contribution (W<sub>blc</sub>) was 29.7%, and W<sub>aer</sub> was 23.3% of W<sub>total</sub> required during PH routines. Summarising the energetic demands of high-level PH routines, they are mainly anaerobic, where W<sub>pcr</sub> provides the largest energy share. W<sub>aer</sub> provides a substantial part of W<sub>total</sub> and should therefore also be specifically trained.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/12/1/27artistic gymnasticspommel horsemetabolic profileaerobicanaerobic |
| spellingShingle | Alexander Seemann-Sinn Peter Rüdrich Tom Gorges Ingo Sandau Falk Naundorf Bernd Wolfarth Determining Physiological and Energetic Demands during High-Level Pommel Horse Routines Using a Modified Method Based on Heart Rate–Oxygen Uptake Functions Sports artistic gymnastics pommel horse metabolic profile aerobic anaerobic |
| title | Determining Physiological and Energetic Demands during High-Level Pommel Horse Routines Using a Modified Method Based on Heart Rate–Oxygen Uptake Functions |
| title_full | Determining Physiological and Energetic Demands during High-Level Pommel Horse Routines Using a Modified Method Based on Heart Rate–Oxygen Uptake Functions |
| title_fullStr | Determining Physiological and Energetic Demands during High-Level Pommel Horse Routines Using a Modified Method Based on Heart Rate–Oxygen Uptake Functions |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determining Physiological and Energetic Demands during High-Level Pommel Horse Routines Using a Modified Method Based on Heart Rate–Oxygen Uptake Functions |
| title_short | Determining Physiological and Energetic Demands during High-Level Pommel Horse Routines Using a Modified Method Based on Heart Rate–Oxygen Uptake Functions |
| title_sort | determining physiological and energetic demands during high level pommel horse routines using a modified method based on heart rate oxygen uptake functions |
| topic | artistic gymnastics pommel horse metabolic profile aerobic anaerobic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4663/12/1/27 |
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