Serological Analysis of IgG and IgM Antibodies against <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. in Various Animal Species of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau
<i>Anaplasma</i> genus infects the blood cells of humans and animals by biting, causing zoonotic anaplasmosis. However, limited data are available on carrier animals for <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. antibodies in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau Area. Therefore, a serological indirect EL...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| author | Jinchao Zhang Hejia Ma Jingkai Ai Tongsheng Qi Ming Kang Jixu Li Yali Sun |
| author_facet | Jinchao Zhang Hejia Ma Jingkai Ai Tongsheng Qi Ming Kang Jixu Li Yali Sun |
| author_sort | Jinchao Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Anaplasma</i> genus infects the blood cells of humans and animals by biting, causing zoonotic anaplasmosis. However, limited data are available on carrier animals for <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. antibodies in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau Area. Therefore, a serological indirect ELISA diagnostic method based on the major surface protein 5 (MSP5), derived from <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum,</i> was developed in this study to analyze both IgG and IgM antibodies of <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. in a total of 3952 animals from the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, including yaks (<i>Bos grunniens</i>), cows (<i>Bos taurus</i>), cattle (<i>Bos taurus domesticus</i>), Tibetan sheep (<i>Ovis aries</i>), horses (<i>Equus ferus caballus</i>), pigs (<i>Sus domesticus</i>), chickens (<i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i>), donkeys (<i>Equus asinus</i>), stray dogs (<i>Canis</i> sp.), and stray cats (<i>Felis</i> sp.). The results showed that recombinant MSP5 protein was expressed and was successfully used to establish the indirect ELISA methods. The overall positivity for <i>Anaplasma</i> IgG and IgM antibodies was 14.6% (578/3952) and 7.9% (312/3952), respectively, and a total of 123 animals (3.1%) were both IgG- and IgM-positive. Moreover, the most prevalent <i>Anaplasma</i> IgG positivity was exhibited by donkeys (82.5%), followed by stray dogs, Tibetan sheep, pigs, chickens, horses, yaks, cows, cattle, and stray cats. The analysis for IgM antibody positivity revealed that IgM positivity was the most prevalent in the stray dogs (30.1%), followed by horses, yaks, Tibetan sheep, cows, stray cats, and cattle. Moreover, the results revealed significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.05) at different altitudes in <i>Anaplasma</i>-specific IgG in the yaks, Tibetan sheep, and horses, and in IgM in the yaks and Tibetan sheep. In conclusion, this study is the first to demonstrate that yaks, cows, cattle, Tibetan sheep, horses, donkeys, stray dogs, stray cats, pigs, and chickens living in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau are carrier animals for <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. IgG or IgM antibodies. The current findings provide valuable current data on the seroepidemiology of anaplasmosis in China and for plateau areas of the world. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:07:20Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:07:20Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-50f67e07b0f74959a96558db7396774d2023-11-23T19:38:44ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152022-10-011219272310.3390/ani12192723Serological Analysis of IgG and IgM Antibodies against <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. in Various Animal Species of the Qinghai-Tibetan PlateauJinchao Zhang0Hejia Ma1Jingkai Ai2Tongsheng Qi3Ming Kang4Jixu Li5Yali Sun6State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture, Qinghai University, Xining 810016, China<i>Anaplasma</i> genus infects the blood cells of humans and animals by biting, causing zoonotic anaplasmosis. However, limited data are available on carrier animals for <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. antibodies in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau Area. Therefore, a serological indirect ELISA diagnostic method based on the major surface protein 5 (MSP5), derived from <i>Anaplasma phagocytophilum,</i> was developed in this study to analyze both IgG and IgM antibodies of <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. in a total of 3952 animals from the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, including yaks (<i>Bos grunniens</i>), cows (<i>Bos taurus</i>), cattle (<i>Bos taurus domesticus</i>), Tibetan sheep (<i>Ovis aries</i>), horses (<i>Equus ferus caballus</i>), pigs (<i>Sus domesticus</i>), chickens (<i>Gallus gallus domesticus</i>), donkeys (<i>Equus asinus</i>), stray dogs (<i>Canis</i> sp.), and stray cats (<i>Felis</i> sp.). The results showed that recombinant MSP5 protein was expressed and was successfully used to establish the indirect ELISA methods. The overall positivity for <i>Anaplasma</i> IgG and IgM antibodies was 14.6% (578/3952) and 7.9% (312/3952), respectively, and a total of 123 animals (3.1%) were both IgG- and IgM-positive. Moreover, the most prevalent <i>Anaplasma</i> IgG positivity was exhibited by donkeys (82.5%), followed by stray dogs, Tibetan sheep, pigs, chickens, horses, yaks, cows, cattle, and stray cats. The analysis for IgM antibody positivity revealed that IgM positivity was the most prevalent in the stray dogs (30.1%), followed by horses, yaks, Tibetan sheep, cows, stray cats, and cattle. Moreover, the results revealed significant differences (<i>p</i> < 0.05) at different altitudes in <i>Anaplasma</i>-specific IgG in the yaks, Tibetan sheep, and horses, and in IgM in the yaks and Tibetan sheep. In conclusion, this study is the first to demonstrate that yaks, cows, cattle, Tibetan sheep, horses, donkeys, stray dogs, stray cats, pigs, and chickens living in the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau are carrier animals for <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. IgG or IgM antibodies. The current findings provide valuable current data on the seroepidemiology of anaplasmosis in China and for plateau areas of the world.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/19/2723<i>Anaplasma</i> spp.MSP5IgGIgManimalsQinghai–Tibetan Plateau |
| spellingShingle | Jinchao Zhang Hejia Ma Jingkai Ai Tongsheng Qi Ming Kang Jixu Li Yali Sun Serological Analysis of IgG and IgM Antibodies against <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. in Various Animal Species of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animals <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. MSP5 IgG IgM animals Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau |
| title | Serological Analysis of IgG and IgM Antibodies against <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. in Various Animal Species of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau |
| title_full | Serological Analysis of IgG and IgM Antibodies against <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. in Various Animal Species of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau |
| title_fullStr | Serological Analysis of IgG and IgM Antibodies against <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. in Various Animal Species of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau |
| title_full_unstemmed | Serological Analysis of IgG and IgM Antibodies against <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. in Various Animal Species of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau |
| title_short | Serological Analysis of IgG and IgM Antibodies against <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. in Various Animal Species of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau |
| title_sort | serological analysis of igg and igm antibodies against i anaplasma i spp in various animal species of the qinghai tibetan plateau |
| topic | <i>Anaplasma</i> spp. MSP5 IgG IgM animals Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/12/19/2723 |
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