Sickness absence around contact with outpatient mental health care services – differences between migrants and non-migrants: a Norwegian register study
Abstract Background Mental disorders are a leading cause of sickness absence. Some groups of migrants are at higher risk of both mental disorder and sickness absence. Yet, research on sickness absence in relation to mental disorders among migrants is limited. This study investigates differences in s...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-06-01
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| Series: | BMC Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04874-x |
| _version_ | 1797801301190377472 |
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| author | Melanie Straiton Aart C. Liefbroer Anna-Clara Hollander Lars Johan Hauge |
| author_facet | Melanie Straiton Aart C. Liefbroer Anna-Clara Hollander Lars Johan Hauge |
| author_sort | Melanie Straiton |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Mental disorders are a leading cause of sickness absence. Some groups of migrants are at higher risk of both mental disorder and sickness absence. Yet, research on sickness absence in relation to mental disorders among migrants is limited. This study investigates differences in sickness absence in the twelve-month period around contact with outpatient mental health services between non-migrants and various migrant groups with different length of stays. It also considers whether these differences are similar for men and women. Methods Using linked Norwegian register data, we followed 146,785 individuals, aged 18–66 years, who had attended outpatient mental health services and who had, or had recently had, a stable workforce attachment. The number of days of sickness absence was calculated for the 12-month period surrounding contact with outpatient mental health services. We applied logistic regression and zero-truncated negative binomial regression to assess differences in any sickness absence and number of days of absence between non-migrants and migrants, including refugees and non-refugees. We included interaction terms between migrant category and sex. Results Refugee men and other migrant men from countries outside the European Economic Area (EEA) had a higher probability of any sickness absence in the period surrounding contact with outpatient mental health services than their non-migrant counterparts. Women from EEA countries with stays of less than 15 years had a lower probability than non-migrant women. Additionally, refugees, both men and women, with 6–14 years in Norway had more days of absence while EEA migrants had fewer days than their non-migrant counterparts. Conclusions Refugee men and other non-EEA migrant men appear to have higher sickness absence than non-migrant men around the time of contact with services. This finding does not apply to women. Several probable reasons for this are discussed, though further research is required to understand why. Targeted strategies to reduce sickness absence and support the return to work for refugees and other non-EEA migrant men are needed. Barriers to timely help-seeking should also be addressed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T04:48:22Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-50f976bf7bf24679979cd5fed08508db |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-244X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T04:48:22Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-50f976bf7bf24679979cd5fed08508db2023-06-18T11:21:40ZengBMCBMC Psychiatry1471-244X2023-06-0123111410.1186/s12888-023-04874-xSickness absence around contact with outpatient mental health care services – differences between migrants and non-migrants: a Norwegian register studyMelanie Straiton0Aart C. Liefbroer1Anna-Clara Hollander2Lars Johan Hauge3Department of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public HealthNetherlands Interdisciplinary Demographic InstituteEpidemiology of Psychiatric Conditions, Substance Use and Social Environment, Department of Global Public Health, Karolinska InstituteDepartment of Mental Health and Suicide, Norwegian Institute of Public HealthAbstract Background Mental disorders are a leading cause of sickness absence. Some groups of migrants are at higher risk of both mental disorder and sickness absence. Yet, research on sickness absence in relation to mental disorders among migrants is limited. This study investigates differences in sickness absence in the twelve-month period around contact with outpatient mental health services between non-migrants and various migrant groups with different length of stays. It also considers whether these differences are similar for men and women. Methods Using linked Norwegian register data, we followed 146,785 individuals, aged 18–66 years, who had attended outpatient mental health services and who had, or had recently had, a stable workforce attachment. The number of days of sickness absence was calculated for the 12-month period surrounding contact with outpatient mental health services. We applied logistic regression and zero-truncated negative binomial regression to assess differences in any sickness absence and number of days of absence between non-migrants and migrants, including refugees and non-refugees. We included interaction terms between migrant category and sex. Results Refugee men and other migrant men from countries outside the European Economic Area (EEA) had a higher probability of any sickness absence in the period surrounding contact with outpatient mental health services than their non-migrant counterparts. Women from EEA countries with stays of less than 15 years had a lower probability than non-migrant women. Additionally, refugees, both men and women, with 6–14 years in Norway had more days of absence while EEA migrants had fewer days than their non-migrant counterparts. Conclusions Refugee men and other non-EEA migrant men appear to have higher sickness absence than non-migrant men around the time of contact with services. This finding does not apply to women. Several probable reasons for this are discussed, though further research is required to understand why. Targeted strategies to reduce sickness absence and support the return to work for refugees and other non-EEA migrant men are needed. Barriers to timely help-seeking should also be addressed.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04874-xSickness absenceMental disorderMental health service useMigrantsRefugeesLabour market marginalisation |
| spellingShingle | Melanie Straiton Aart C. Liefbroer Anna-Clara Hollander Lars Johan Hauge Sickness absence around contact with outpatient mental health care services – differences between migrants and non-migrants: a Norwegian register study BMC Psychiatry Sickness absence Mental disorder Mental health service use Migrants Refugees Labour market marginalisation |
| title | Sickness absence around contact with outpatient mental health care services – differences between migrants and non-migrants: a Norwegian register study |
| title_full | Sickness absence around contact with outpatient mental health care services – differences between migrants and non-migrants: a Norwegian register study |
| title_fullStr | Sickness absence around contact with outpatient mental health care services – differences between migrants and non-migrants: a Norwegian register study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Sickness absence around contact with outpatient mental health care services – differences between migrants and non-migrants: a Norwegian register study |
| title_short | Sickness absence around contact with outpatient mental health care services – differences between migrants and non-migrants: a Norwegian register study |
| title_sort | sickness absence around contact with outpatient mental health care services differences between migrants and non migrants a norwegian register study |
| topic | Sickness absence Mental disorder Mental health service use Migrants Refugees Labour market marginalisation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-04874-x |
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