Current Advances in Comprehending Dynamics of Regenerating Axons and Axon–Glia Interactions after Peripheral Nerve Injury in Zebrafish
Following an injury, axons of both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) degenerate through a coordinated and genetically conserved mechanism known as Wallerian degeneration (WD). Unlike central axons, severed peripheral axons have a higher capacity to regenerate and r...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-03-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/5/2484 |
| _version_ | 1797416368063119360 |
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| author | David Gonzalez Miguel L. Allende |
| author_facet | David Gonzalez Miguel L. Allende |
| author_sort | David Gonzalez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Following an injury, axons of both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) degenerate through a coordinated and genetically conserved mechanism known as Wallerian degeneration (WD). Unlike central axons, severed peripheral axons have a higher capacity to regenerate and reinnervate their original targets, mainly because of the favorable environment that they inhabit and the presence of different cell types. Even though many aspects of regeneration in peripheral nerves have been studied, there is still a lack of understanding regarding the dynamics of axonal degeneration and regeneration, mostly due to the inherent limitations of most animal models. In this scenario, the use of zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) larvae combined with time-lapse microscopy currently offers a unique experimental opportunity to monitor the dynamics of the regenerative process in the PNS in vivo. This review summarizes the current knowledge and advances made in understanding the dynamics of the regenerative process of PNS axons. By using different tools available in zebrafish such as electroablation of the posterior lateral line nerve (pLLn), and laser-mediated transection of motor and sensory axons followed by time-lapse microscopy, researchers are beginning to unravel the complexity of the spatiotemporal interactions among different cell types during the regenerative process. Thus, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the degeneration and regeneration of peripheral nerves will open new avenues in the treatment of acute nerve trauma or chronic conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:02:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5108790fcd924061b4e96d207d9e1c64 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:02:11Z |
| publishDate | 2021-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-5108790fcd924061b4e96d207d9e1c642023-12-03T12:07:35ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-03-01225248410.3390/ijms22052484Current Advances in Comprehending Dynamics of Regenerating Axons and Axon–Glia Interactions after Peripheral Nerve Injury in ZebrafishDavid Gonzalez0Miguel L. Allende1FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago RM 7800003, ChileFONDAP Center for Genome Regulation, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Santiago RM 7800003, ChileFollowing an injury, axons of both the central nervous system (CNS) and peripheral nervous system (PNS) degenerate through a coordinated and genetically conserved mechanism known as Wallerian degeneration (WD). Unlike central axons, severed peripheral axons have a higher capacity to regenerate and reinnervate their original targets, mainly because of the favorable environment that they inhabit and the presence of different cell types. Even though many aspects of regeneration in peripheral nerves have been studied, there is still a lack of understanding regarding the dynamics of axonal degeneration and regeneration, mostly due to the inherent limitations of most animal models. In this scenario, the use of zebrafish (<i>Danio rerio</i>) larvae combined with time-lapse microscopy currently offers a unique experimental opportunity to monitor the dynamics of the regenerative process in the PNS in vivo. This review summarizes the current knowledge and advances made in understanding the dynamics of the regenerative process of PNS axons. By using different tools available in zebrafish such as electroablation of the posterior lateral line nerve (pLLn), and laser-mediated transection of motor and sensory axons followed by time-lapse microscopy, researchers are beginning to unravel the complexity of the spatiotemporal interactions among different cell types during the regenerative process. Thus, understanding the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying the degeneration and regeneration of peripheral nerves will open new avenues in the treatment of acute nerve trauma or chronic conditions such as neurodegenerative diseases.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/5/2484peripheral nerve injuryaxonal degenerationaxonal regenerationperipheral nervous systemSchwann cells<i>Danio rerio</i> |
| spellingShingle | David Gonzalez Miguel L. Allende Current Advances in Comprehending Dynamics of Regenerating Axons and Axon–Glia Interactions after Peripheral Nerve Injury in Zebrafish International Journal of Molecular Sciences peripheral nerve injury axonal degeneration axonal regeneration peripheral nervous system Schwann cells <i>Danio rerio</i> |
| title | Current Advances in Comprehending Dynamics of Regenerating Axons and Axon–Glia Interactions after Peripheral Nerve Injury in Zebrafish |
| title_full | Current Advances in Comprehending Dynamics of Regenerating Axons and Axon–Glia Interactions after Peripheral Nerve Injury in Zebrafish |
| title_fullStr | Current Advances in Comprehending Dynamics of Regenerating Axons and Axon–Glia Interactions after Peripheral Nerve Injury in Zebrafish |
| title_full_unstemmed | Current Advances in Comprehending Dynamics of Regenerating Axons and Axon–Glia Interactions after Peripheral Nerve Injury in Zebrafish |
| title_short | Current Advances in Comprehending Dynamics of Regenerating Axons and Axon–Glia Interactions after Peripheral Nerve Injury in Zebrafish |
| title_sort | current advances in comprehending dynamics of regenerating axons and axon glia interactions after peripheral nerve injury in zebrafish |
| topic | peripheral nerve injury axonal degeneration axonal regeneration peripheral nervous system Schwann cells <i>Danio rerio</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/5/2484 |
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