A prospective CSFV-PCV2 bivalent vaccine effectively protects against classical swine fever virus and porcine circovirus type 2 dual challenge and prevents horizontal transmission
Abstract Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection leading to CSF outbreaks is among the most devastating swine diseases in the pig industry. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection, resulting in porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD), is also a highly contagious disease affecting pig h...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2023-07-01
|
| Series: | Veterinary Research |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-023-01181-x |
| _version_ | 1797778759175110656 |
|---|---|
| author | Jing-Yuan Chen Chi-Ming Wu Min-Yuan Chia Chienjin Huang Maw-Sheng Chien |
| author_facet | Jing-Yuan Chen Chi-Ming Wu Min-Yuan Chia Chienjin Huang Maw-Sheng Chien |
| author_sort | Jing-Yuan Chen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection leading to CSF outbreaks is among the most devastating swine diseases in the pig industry. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection, resulting in porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD), is also a highly contagious disease affecting pig health worldwide. To prevent and control disease occurrence, multiple-vaccine immunization is necessary in contaminated areas or countries. In this study, a novel CSFV-PCV2 bivalent vaccine was constructed and demonstrated to be capable of eliciting humoral and cellular immune responses against CSFV and PCV2, respectively. Moreover, a CSFV-PCV2 dual-challenge trial was conducted on specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs to evaluate vaccine efficacy. All of the vaccinated pigs survived and showed no clinical signs of infection throughout the experimental period. In contrast, placebo-vaccinated pigs exhibited severe clinical signs of infection and steeply increased viremia levels of CSFV and PCV2 after virus challenge. Additionally, neither clinical signs nor viral detections were noted in the sentinel pigs when cohabitated with vaccinated-challenged pigs at three days post-inoculation of CSFV, indicating that the CSFV-PCV2 bivalent vaccine completely prevents horizontal transmission of CSFV. Furthermore, conventional pigs were utilized to evaluate the application of the CSFV-PCV2 bivalent vaccine in field farms. An adequate CSFV antibody response and a significant decrease in PCV2 viral load in the peripheral lymph nodes were observed in immunized conventional pigs, suggesting its potential for clinical application. Overall, this study demonstrated that the CSFV-PCV2 bivalent vaccine effectively elicited protective immune responses and the ability to prevent horizontal transmission, which could be a prospective strategy for controlling both CSF and PCVAD in commercial herds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T23:21:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5115200d8a3642b8b04a003e0a826ca1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1297-9716 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T23:21:10Z |
| publishDate | 2023-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Veterinary Research |
| spelling | doaj.art-5115200d8a3642b8b04a003e0a826ca12023-07-16T11:24:50ZengBMCVeterinary Research1297-97162023-07-0154111310.1186/s13567-023-01181-xA prospective CSFV-PCV2 bivalent vaccine effectively protects against classical swine fever virus and porcine circovirus type 2 dual challenge and prevents horizontal transmissionJing-Yuan Chen0Chi-Ming Wu1Min-Yuan Chia2Chienjin Huang3Maw-Sheng Chien4Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine, National Taiwan UniversityGraduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing UniversityDepartment of Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing UniversityGraduate Institute of Microbiology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing UniversityGraduate Institute of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, National Chung Hsing UniversityAbstract Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) infection leading to CSF outbreaks is among the most devastating swine diseases in the pig industry. Porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) infection, resulting in porcine circovirus-associated disease (PCVAD), is also a highly contagious disease affecting pig health worldwide. To prevent and control disease occurrence, multiple-vaccine immunization is necessary in contaminated areas or countries. In this study, a novel CSFV-PCV2 bivalent vaccine was constructed and demonstrated to be capable of eliciting humoral and cellular immune responses against CSFV and PCV2, respectively. Moreover, a CSFV-PCV2 dual-challenge trial was conducted on specific-pathogen-free (SPF) pigs to evaluate vaccine efficacy. All of the vaccinated pigs survived and showed no clinical signs of infection throughout the experimental period. In contrast, placebo-vaccinated pigs exhibited severe clinical signs of infection and steeply increased viremia levels of CSFV and PCV2 after virus challenge. Additionally, neither clinical signs nor viral detections were noted in the sentinel pigs when cohabitated with vaccinated-challenged pigs at three days post-inoculation of CSFV, indicating that the CSFV-PCV2 bivalent vaccine completely prevents horizontal transmission of CSFV. Furthermore, conventional pigs were utilized to evaluate the application of the CSFV-PCV2 bivalent vaccine in field farms. An adequate CSFV antibody response and a significant decrease in PCV2 viral load in the peripheral lymph nodes were observed in immunized conventional pigs, suggesting its potential for clinical application. Overall, this study demonstrated that the CSFV-PCV2 bivalent vaccine effectively elicited protective immune responses and the ability to prevent horizontal transmission, which could be a prospective strategy for controlling both CSF and PCVAD in commercial herds.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-023-01181-xclassical swine feverporcine circovirus-associated diseasebivalent vaccinedual CSFV-PCV2 challenge trialhumoral and cellular immunity |
| spellingShingle | Jing-Yuan Chen Chi-Ming Wu Min-Yuan Chia Chienjin Huang Maw-Sheng Chien A prospective CSFV-PCV2 bivalent vaccine effectively protects against classical swine fever virus and porcine circovirus type 2 dual challenge and prevents horizontal transmission Veterinary Research classical swine fever porcine circovirus-associated disease bivalent vaccine dual CSFV-PCV2 challenge trial humoral and cellular immunity |
| title | A prospective CSFV-PCV2 bivalent vaccine effectively protects against classical swine fever virus and porcine circovirus type 2 dual challenge and prevents horizontal transmission |
| title_full | A prospective CSFV-PCV2 bivalent vaccine effectively protects against classical swine fever virus and porcine circovirus type 2 dual challenge and prevents horizontal transmission |
| title_fullStr | A prospective CSFV-PCV2 bivalent vaccine effectively protects against classical swine fever virus and porcine circovirus type 2 dual challenge and prevents horizontal transmission |
| title_full_unstemmed | A prospective CSFV-PCV2 bivalent vaccine effectively protects against classical swine fever virus and porcine circovirus type 2 dual challenge and prevents horizontal transmission |
| title_short | A prospective CSFV-PCV2 bivalent vaccine effectively protects against classical swine fever virus and porcine circovirus type 2 dual challenge and prevents horizontal transmission |
| title_sort | prospective csfv pcv2 bivalent vaccine effectively protects against classical swine fever virus and porcine circovirus type 2 dual challenge and prevents horizontal transmission |
| topic | classical swine fever porcine circovirus-associated disease bivalent vaccine dual CSFV-PCV2 challenge trial humoral and cellular immunity |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-023-01181-x |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jingyuanchen aprospectivecsfvpcv2bivalentvaccineeffectivelyprotectsagainstclassicalswinefevervirusandporcinecircovirustype2dualchallengeandpreventshorizontaltransmission AT chimingwu aprospectivecsfvpcv2bivalentvaccineeffectivelyprotectsagainstclassicalswinefevervirusandporcinecircovirustype2dualchallengeandpreventshorizontaltransmission AT minyuanchia aprospectivecsfvpcv2bivalentvaccineeffectivelyprotectsagainstclassicalswinefevervirusandporcinecircovirustype2dualchallengeandpreventshorizontaltransmission AT chienjinhuang aprospectivecsfvpcv2bivalentvaccineeffectivelyprotectsagainstclassicalswinefevervirusandporcinecircovirustype2dualchallengeandpreventshorizontaltransmission AT mawshengchien aprospectivecsfvpcv2bivalentvaccineeffectivelyprotectsagainstclassicalswinefevervirusandporcinecircovirustype2dualchallengeandpreventshorizontaltransmission AT jingyuanchen prospectivecsfvpcv2bivalentvaccineeffectivelyprotectsagainstclassicalswinefevervirusandporcinecircovirustype2dualchallengeandpreventshorizontaltransmission AT chimingwu prospectivecsfvpcv2bivalentvaccineeffectivelyprotectsagainstclassicalswinefevervirusandporcinecircovirustype2dualchallengeandpreventshorizontaltransmission AT minyuanchia prospectivecsfvpcv2bivalentvaccineeffectivelyprotectsagainstclassicalswinefevervirusandporcinecircovirustype2dualchallengeandpreventshorizontaltransmission AT chienjinhuang prospectivecsfvpcv2bivalentvaccineeffectivelyprotectsagainstclassicalswinefevervirusandporcinecircovirustype2dualchallengeandpreventshorizontaltransmission AT mawshengchien prospectivecsfvpcv2bivalentvaccineeffectivelyprotectsagainstclassicalswinefevervirusandporcinecircovirustype2dualchallengeandpreventshorizontaltransmission |