Reliability of Supply and the Impact of Weather Exposure and Protection System Failures
Extreme weather is known to cause failure bunching in electrical transmission systems. However, protection systems can also contribute to the worsening of the system state through various failure modes—spontaneous, missing or unwanted operation. The latter two types of failures only occur when an in...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-12-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/1/182 |
| _version_ | 1797543359627132928 |
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| author | Erlend Sandø Kiel Gerd Hovin Kjølle |
| author_facet | Erlend Sandø Kiel Gerd Hovin Kjølle |
| author_sort | Erlend Sandø Kiel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Extreme weather is known to cause failure bunching in electrical transmission systems. However, protection systems can also contribute to the worsening of the system state through various failure modes—spontaneous, missing or unwanted operation. The latter two types of failures only occur when an initial failure has happened, and thus are more likely to happen when the probability of failure of transmission lines is high, such as in an extreme weather scenario. This causes an exacerbation of failure bunching effects, increasing the risk of blackouts, or High Impact Low Probability (HILP) events. This paper describes a method to model transmission line failure rates, considering both protection system reliability and extreme weather exposure. A case study is presented using the IEEE 24 bus Reliability Test System (RTS) test system. The case study, using both an approximate method as well as a time-series approach to calculate reliability indices, demonstrates both a compact generalization of including protection system failures in reliability analysis, as well as the interaction between weather exposure and protection system failures and its impact on power system reliability indices. The results show that the inclusion of protection system failures can have a large impact on the estimated occurrence of higher order contingencies for adjacent lines, especially for lines with correlated weather exposure. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:44:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-511c4bbff8864bd5ac1740f5db1135b3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:44:28Z |
| publishDate | 2020-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-511c4bbff8864bd5ac1740f5db1135b32023-11-21T02:44:30ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172020-12-0111118210.3390/app11010182Reliability of Supply and the Impact of Weather Exposure and Protection System FailuresErlend Sandø Kiel0Gerd Hovin Kjølle1Department of Electric Power Engineering, Faculty of Information Technology and Electrical Engineering, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), 7491 Trondheim, NorwaySINTEF Energy Research, 7034 Trondheim, NorwayExtreme weather is known to cause failure bunching in electrical transmission systems. However, protection systems can also contribute to the worsening of the system state through various failure modes—spontaneous, missing or unwanted operation. The latter two types of failures only occur when an initial failure has happened, and thus are more likely to happen when the probability of failure of transmission lines is high, such as in an extreme weather scenario. This causes an exacerbation of failure bunching effects, increasing the risk of blackouts, or High Impact Low Probability (HILP) events. This paper describes a method to model transmission line failure rates, considering both protection system reliability and extreme weather exposure. A case study is presented using the IEEE 24 bus Reliability Test System (RTS) test system. The case study, using both an approximate method as well as a time-series approach to calculate reliability indices, demonstrates both a compact generalization of including protection system failures in reliability analysis, as well as the interaction between weather exposure and protection system failures and its impact on power system reliability indices. The results show that the inclusion of protection system failures can have a large impact on the estimated occurrence of higher order contingencies for adjacent lines, especially for lines with correlated weather exposure.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/1/182protection systemsfailure bunchingextreme weatherreliabilityHILPextraordinary events |
| spellingShingle | Erlend Sandø Kiel Gerd Hovin Kjølle Reliability of Supply and the Impact of Weather Exposure and Protection System Failures Applied Sciences protection systems failure bunching extreme weather reliability HILP extraordinary events |
| title | Reliability of Supply and the Impact of Weather Exposure and Protection System Failures |
| title_full | Reliability of Supply and the Impact of Weather Exposure and Protection System Failures |
| title_fullStr | Reliability of Supply and the Impact of Weather Exposure and Protection System Failures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Reliability of Supply and the Impact of Weather Exposure and Protection System Failures |
| title_short | Reliability of Supply and the Impact of Weather Exposure and Protection System Failures |
| title_sort | reliability of supply and the impact of weather exposure and protection system failures |
| topic | protection systems failure bunching extreme weather reliability HILP extraordinary events |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/11/1/182 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT erlendsandøkiel reliabilityofsupplyandtheimpactofweatherexposureandprotectionsystemfailures AT gerdhovinkjølle reliabilityofsupplyandtheimpactofweatherexposureandprotectionsystemfailures |