Role of Opsonophagocytosis in Immune Protection against Malaria
The quest for immune correlates of protection continues to slow vaccine development. To date, only vaccine-induced antibodies have been confirmed as direct immune correlates of protection against a plethora of pathogens. Vaccine immunologists, however, have learned through extensive characterization...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/2/264 |
| _version_ | 1797566492374466560 |
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| author | Wolfgang W. Leitner Megan Haraway Tony Pierson Elke S. Bergmann-Leitner |
| author_facet | Wolfgang W. Leitner Megan Haraway Tony Pierson Elke S. Bergmann-Leitner |
| author_sort | Wolfgang W. Leitner |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The quest for immune correlates of protection continues to slow vaccine development. To date, only vaccine-induced antibodies have been confirmed as direct immune correlates of protection against a plethora of pathogens. Vaccine immunologists, however, have learned through extensive characterizations of humoral responses that the quantitative assessment of antibody responses alone often fails to correlate with protective immunity or vaccine efficacy. Despite these limitations, the simple measurement of post-vaccination antibody titers remains the most widely used approaches for vaccine evaluation. Developing and performing functional assays to assess the biological activity of pathogen-specific responses continues to gain momentum; integrating serological assessments with functional data will ultimately result in the identification of mechanisms that contribute to protective immunity and will guide vaccine development. One of these functional readouts is phagocytosis of antigenic material tagged by immune molecules such as antibodies and/or complement components. This review summarizes our current understanding of how phagocytosis contributes to immune defense against pathogens, the pathways involved, and defense mechanisms that pathogens have evolved to deal with the threat of phagocytic removal and destruction of pathogens. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:28:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-51229aea0d9f418caa6e2fc2865ad852 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:28:35Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-51229aea0d9f418caa6e2fc2865ad8522023-11-20T02:19:53ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2020-05-018226410.3390/vaccines8020264Role of Opsonophagocytosis in Immune Protection against MalariaWolfgang W. Leitner0Megan Haraway1Tony Pierson2Elke S. Bergmann-Leitner3Basic Immunology Branch, Division of Allergy, Immunology, and Transplantation/National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20852, USAImmunology Core/Malaria Biologics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USAImmunology Core/Malaria Biologics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USAImmunology Core/Malaria Biologics Branch, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD 20910, USAThe quest for immune correlates of protection continues to slow vaccine development. To date, only vaccine-induced antibodies have been confirmed as direct immune correlates of protection against a plethora of pathogens. Vaccine immunologists, however, have learned through extensive characterizations of humoral responses that the quantitative assessment of antibody responses alone often fails to correlate with protective immunity or vaccine efficacy. Despite these limitations, the simple measurement of post-vaccination antibody titers remains the most widely used approaches for vaccine evaluation. Developing and performing functional assays to assess the biological activity of pathogen-specific responses continues to gain momentum; integrating serological assessments with functional data will ultimately result in the identification of mechanisms that contribute to protective immunity and will guide vaccine development. One of these functional readouts is phagocytosis of antigenic material tagged by immune molecules such as antibodies and/or complement components. This review summarizes our current understanding of how phagocytosis contributes to immune defense against pathogens, the pathways involved, and defense mechanisms that pathogens have evolved to deal with the threat of phagocytic removal and destruction of pathogens.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/2/264immune correlatesphagocytosisserologycomplementexosomesmalaria |
| spellingShingle | Wolfgang W. Leitner Megan Haraway Tony Pierson Elke S. Bergmann-Leitner Role of Opsonophagocytosis in Immune Protection against Malaria Vaccines immune correlates phagocytosis serology complement exosomes malaria |
| title | Role of Opsonophagocytosis in Immune Protection against Malaria |
| title_full | Role of Opsonophagocytosis in Immune Protection against Malaria |
| title_fullStr | Role of Opsonophagocytosis in Immune Protection against Malaria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Role of Opsonophagocytosis in Immune Protection against Malaria |
| title_short | Role of Opsonophagocytosis in Immune Protection against Malaria |
| title_sort | role of opsonophagocytosis in immune protection against malaria |
| topic | immune correlates phagocytosis serology complement exosomes malaria |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/8/2/264 |
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