Differences in Pathogenicity and Vaccine Resistance Discovered between Two Epidemic Strains of Marek’s Disease Virus in China
Despite highly effective vaccines, Marek’s disease (MD) causes great economic loss to the poultry industry annually, largely due to the continuous emergence of new MD virus (MDV) strains. To explore the pathogenic characteristics of newly emerged MDV strains, we selected two strains (AH/1807 and DH/...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-04-01
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| Series: | Viruses |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/4/945 |
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| author | Zheng-Hao Yu Yan-Ping Zhang Xing-Ge Lan Ya-Nan Wang Rong-Rong Guo Kai Li Li Gao Xiao-Le Qi Hong-Yu Cui Xiao-Mei Wang Yu-Long Gao Chang-Jun Liu |
| author_facet | Zheng-Hao Yu Yan-Ping Zhang Xing-Ge Lan Ya-Nan Wang Rong-Rong Guo Kai Li Li Gao Xiao-Le Qi Hong-Yu Cui Xiao-Mei Wang Yu-Long Gao Chang-Jun Liu |
| author_sort | Zheng-Hao Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite highly effective vaccines, Marek’s disease (MD) causes great economic loss to the poultry industry annually, largely due to the continuous emergence of new MD virus (MDV) strains. To explore the pathogenic characteristics of newly emerged MDV strains, we selected two strains (AH/1807 and DH/18) with clinically different pathotypes. We studied each strain’s infection process and pathogenicity and observed differences in immunosuppression and vaccine resistance. Specific pathogen-free chickens, unvaccinated or vaccinated with CVI988, were challenged with AH/1807 or DH/18. Both infections induced MD damage; however, differences were observed in terms of mortality (AH/1807: 77.8%, DH/18: 50%) and tumor rates (AH/1807: 50%, DH/18: 33.3%). The immune protection indices of the vaccine also differed (AH/1807: 94.1, DH/18: 61.1). Additionally, while both strains caused interferon-β and interferon-γ expression to decline, DH/18 infection caused stronger immunosuppression than AH/1807. This inhibition persisted even after vaccination, leading to increased replication of DH/18 that ultimately broke through vaccine immune protection. These results indicate that both strains have different characteristics, and that strains such as DH/18, which cause weaker pathogenic damage but can break through vaccine immune protection, require further attention. Our findings increase the understanding of the differences between epidemic strains and factors underlying MD vaccination failure in China. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:26:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-512b98e111c7480eaf6ceaff6db5f893 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1999-4915 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T04:26:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Viruses |
| spelling | doaj.art-512b98e111c7480eaf6ceaff6db5f8932023-11-17T21:46:01ZengMDPI AGViruses1999-49152023-04-0115494510.3390/v15040945Differences in Pathogenicity and Vaccine Resistance Discovered between Two Epidemic Strains of Marek’s Disease Virus in ChinaZheng-Hao Yu0Yan-Ping Zhang1Xing-Ge Lan2Ya-Nan Wang3Rong-Rong Guo4Kai Li5Li Gao6Xiao-Le Qi7Hong-Yu Cui8Xiao-Mei Wang9Yu-Long Gao10Chang-Jun Liu11Avian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, ChinaAvian Immunosuppressive Diseases Division, State Key Laboratory for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, ChinaDespite highly effective vaccines, Marek’s disease (MD) causes great economic loss to the poultry industry annually, largely due to the continuous emergence of new MD virus (MDV) strains. To explore the pathogenic characteristics of newly emerged MDV strains, we selected two strains (AH/1807 and DH/18) with clinically different pathotypes. We studied each strain’s infection process and pathogenicity and observed differences in immunosuppression and vaccine resistance. Specific pathogen-free chickens, unvaccinated or vaccinated with CVI988, were challenged with AH/1807 or DH/18. Both infections induced MD damage; however, differences were observed in terms of mortality (AH/1807: 77.8%, DH/18: 50%) and tumor rates (AH/1807: 50%, DH/18: 33.3%). The immune protection indices of the vaccine also differed (AH/1807: 94.1, DH/18: 61.1). Additionally, while both strains caused interferon-β and interferon-γ expression to decline, DH/18 infection caused stronger immunosuppression than AH/1807. This inhibition persisted even after vaccination, leading to increased replication of DH/18 that ultimately broke through vaccine immune protection. These results indicate that both strains have different characteristics, and that strains such as DH/18, which cause weaker pathogenic damage but can break through vaccine immune protection, require further attention. Our findings increase the understanding of the differences between epidemic strains and factors underlying MD vaccination failure in China.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/4/945IFN-βIFN-γimmunosuppressionMarek’s disease viruspathogenicityvaccination |
| spellingShingle | Zheng-Hao Yu Yan-Ping Zhang Xing-Ge Lan Ya-Nan Wang Rong-Rong Guo Kai Li Li Gao Xiao-Le Qi Hong-Yu Cui Xiao-Mei Wang Yu-Long Gao Chang-Jun Liu Differences in Pathogenicity and Vaccine Resistance Discovered between Two Epidemic Strains of Marek’s Disease Virus in China Viruses IFN-β IFN-γ immunosuppression Marek’s disease virus pathogenicity vaccination |
| title | Differences in Pathogenicity and Vaccine Resistance Discovered between Two Epidemic Strains of Marek’s Disease Virus in China |
| title_full | Differences in Pathogenicity and Vaccine Resistance Discovered between Two Epidemic Strains of Marek’s Disease Virus in China |
| title_fullStr | Differences in Pathogenicity and Vaccine Resistance Discovered between Two Epidemic Strains of Marek’s Disease Virus in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Differences in Pathogenicity and Vaccine Resistance Discovered between Two Epidemic Strains of Marek’s Disease Virus in China |
| title_short | Differences in Pathogenicity and Vaccine Resistance Discovered between Two Epidemic Strains of Marek’s Disease Virus in China |
| title_sort | differences in pathogenicity and vaccine resistance discovered between two epidemic strains of marek s disease virus in china |
| topic | IFN-β IFN-γ immunosuppression Marek’s disease virus pathogenicity vaccination |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4915/15/4/945 |
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