Manual and Automatic Measurements of Sunshine Duration in Cassubian Lakeland (Northern Poland)
The aim of this research is to compare daily sunshine duration data measured using a Campbell–Stokes sunshine recorder (CS) and a CSD3 sunshine duration sensor. This was undertaken because in recent decades automatic sunshine duration sensors have been systematically replacing traditional sunshine r...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/2/244 |
| _version_ | 1827758683098972160 |
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| author | Małgorzata Owczarek Mirosława Malinowska |
| author_facet | Małgorzata Owczarek Mirosława Malinowska |
| author_sort | Małgorzata Owczarek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of this research is to compare daily sunshine duration data measured using a Campbell–Stokes sunshine recorder (CS) and a CSD3 sunshine duration sensor. This was undertaken because in recent decades automatic sunshine duration sensors have been systematically replacing traditional sunshine recorder. This replacement created a problem with the data quality, and the continuity of homogeneous series. The study material consisted of the daily sunshine duration sums derived from synchronous manual and automated measurements at the Borucino station (northern Poland) for the years 2015–2021. Comparison covered the daily and monthly sums and their statistical distributions. In most cases, the daily sum recorded by the sensor CSD3 was higher than that measured by the CS. On average, higher values of sums were obtained from CSD3 for all months of the year, with the exception of June. This can be explained by the higher sensitivity threshold of the CS, as well as by the difference in height of both instruments above the station’s level. Higher daily totals recorded by the CS than by the CSD3 occurred not only in June. The cause was most likely the so-called “overburning effect”. Monthly regression equations were determined, allowing for substitution of the CS measurement results with the values recorded automatically. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:10:56Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-513a00cb50c542c89ceb660dd4ac39f1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4433 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:10:56Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmosphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-513a00cb50c542c89ceb660dd4ac39f12023-11-16T19:02:06ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332023-01-0114224410.3390/atmos14020244Manual and Automatic Measurements of Sunshine Duration in Cassubian Lakeland (Northern Poland)Małgorzata Owczarek0Mirosława Malinowska1Department of Meteorology and Climatology, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, PolandDepartment of Meteorology and Climatology, Faculty of Oceanography and Geography, University of Gdansk, 80-309 Gdansk, PolandThe aim of this research is to compare daily sunshine duration data measured using a Campbell–Stokes sunshine recorder (CS) and a CSD3 sunshine duration sensor. This was undertaken because in recent decades automatic sunshine duration sensors have been systematically replacing traditional sunshine recorder. This replacement created a problem with the data quality, and the continuity of homogeneous series. The study material consisted of the daily sunshine duration sums derived from synchronous manual and automated measurements at the Borucino station (northern Poland) for the years 2015–2021. Comparison covered the daily and monthly sums and their statistical distributions. In most cases, the daily sum recorded by the sensor CSD3 was higher than that measured by the CS. On average, higher values of sums were obtained from CSD3 for all months of the year, with the exception of June. This can be explained by the higher sensitivity threshold of the CS, as well as by the difference in height of both instruments above the station’s level. Higher daily totals recorded by the CS than by the CSD3 occurred not only in June. The cause was most likely the so-called “overburning effect”. Monthly regression equations were determined, allowing for substitution of the CS measurement results with the values recorded automatically.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/2/244sunshine durationCampbell–Stokes heliographCSD3 sensorPoland |
| spellingShingle | Małgorzata Owczarek Mirosława Malinowska Manual and Automatic Measurements of Sunshine Duration in Cassubian Lakeland (Northern Poland) Atmosphere sunshine duration Campbell–Stokes heliograph CSD3 sensor Poland |
| title | Manual and Automatic Measurements of Sunshine Duration in Cassubian Lakeland (Northern Poland) |
| title_full | Manual and Automatic Measurements of Sunshine Duration in Cassubian Lakeland (Northern Poland) |
| title_fullStr | Manual and Automatic Measurements of Sunshine Duration in Cassubian Lakeland (Northern Poland) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Manual and Automatic Measurements of Sunshine Duration in Cassubian Lakeland (Northern Poland) |
| title_short | Manual and Automatic Measurements of Sunshine Duration in Cassubian Lakeland (Northern Poland) |
| title_sort | manual and automatic measurements of sunshine duration in cassubian lakeland northern poland |
| topic | sunshine duration Campbell–Stokes heliograph CSD3 sensor Poland |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/14/2/244 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT małgorzataowczarek manualandautomaticmeasurementsofsunshinedurationincassubianlakelandnorthernpoland AT mirosławamalinowska manualandautomaticmeasurementsofsunshinedurationincassubianlakelandnorthernpoland |