Endurance Training Increases the Running Performance of Untrained Men without Changing the Mitochondrial Volume Density in the Gastrocnemius Muscle
The activity and quantity of mitochondrial proteins and the mitochondrial volume density (Mito<sub>VD</sub>) are higher in trained muscles; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our goal was to determine if 20 weeks’ endurance training simultaneously increases running perfor...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/18/10843 |
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| author | Jerzy A. Zoladz Joanna Majerczak Lukasz Galganski Marcin Grandys Justyna Zapart-Bukowska Piotr Kuczek Leszek Kołodziejski Lucyna Walkowicz Dorota Szymoniak-Chochół Wincenty Kilarski Wieslawa Jarmuszkiewicz |
| author_facet | Jerzy A. Zoladz Joanna Majerczak Lukasz Galganski Marcin Grandys Justyna Zapart-Bukowska Piotr Kuczek Leszek Kołodziejski Lucyna Walkowicz Dorota Szymoniak-Chochół Wincenty Kilarski Wieslawa Jarmuszkiewicz |
| author_sort | Jerzy A. Zoladz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The activity and quantity of mitochondrial proteins and the mitochondrial volume density (Mito<sub>VD</sub>) are higher in trained muscles; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our goal was to determine if 20 weeks’ endurance training simultaneously increases running performance, the amount and activity of mitochondrial proteins, and Mito<sub>VD</sub> in the gastrocnemius muscle in humans. Eight healthy, untrained young men completed a 20-week moderate-intensity running training program. The training increased the mean speed of a 1500 m run by 14.0% (p = 0.008) and the running speed at 85% of maximal heart rate by 9.6% (p = 0.008). In the gastrocnemius muscle, training significantly increased mitochondrial dynamics markers, i.e., peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) by 23%, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) by 29%, optic artrophy-1 (OPA1) by 31% and mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) by 44%, and voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) by 30%. Furthermore, training increased the amount and maximal activity of citrate synthase (CS) by 10% and 65%, respectively, and the amount and maximal activity of cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase (COX) by 57% and 42%, respectively, but had no effect on the total Mito<sub>VD</sub> in the gastrocnemius muscle. We concluded that not Mito<sub>VD</sub> per se, but mitochondrial COX activity (reflecting oxidative phosphorylation activity), should be regarded as a biomarker of muscle adaptation to endurance training in beginner runners. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:42:47Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:42:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-51421851ff7f4cab84ed09fd01ca7d7d2023-11-23T16:49:01ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-09-0123181084310.3390/ijms231810843Endurance Training Increases the Running Performance of Untrained Men without Changing the Mitochondrial Volume Density in the Gastrocnemius MuscleJerzy A. Zoladz0Joanna Majerczak1Lukasz Galganski2Marcin Grandys3Justyna Zapart-Bukowska4Piotr Kuczek5Leszek Kołodziejski6Lucyna Walkowicz7Dorota Szymoniak-Chochół8Wincenty Kilarski9Wieslawa Jarmuszkiewicz10Chair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8, 31-066 Krakow, PolandChair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8, 31-066 Krakow, PolandLaboratory of Mitochondrial Biochemistry, Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, PolandChair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8, 31-066 Krakow, PolandChair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8, 31-066 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Physical Education, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences in Tarnow, Mickiewicza 8, 33-110 Tarnow, PolandDepartment of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Applied Sciences in Tarnow, Mickiewicza 8, 33-110 Tarnow, PolandChair of Exercise Physiology and Muscle Bioenergetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Skawinska 8, 31-066 Krakow, PolandDepartment of Radiology and Imaging, John Paul II Hospital, Prądnicka 80, 31-202 Krakow, PolandPolish Academy of Science, Slawkowska 17, 31-018 Krakow, PolandLaboratory of Mitochondrial Biochemistry, Department of Bioenergetics, Faculty of Biology, Adam Mickiewicz University, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 6, 61-614 Poznan, PolandThe activity and quantity of mitochondrial proteins and the mitochondrial volume density (Mito<sub>VD</sub>) are higher in trained muscles; however, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Our goal was to determine if 20 weeks’ endurance training simultaneously increases running performance, the amount and activity of mitochondrial proteins, and Mito<sub>VD</sub> in the gastrocnemius muscle in humans. Eight healthy, untrained young men completed a 20-week moderate-intensity running training program. The training increased the mean speed of a 1500 m run by 14.0% (p = 0.008) and the running speed at 85% of maximal heart rate by 9.6% (p = 0.008). In the gastrocnemius muscle, training significantly increased mitochondrial dynamics markers, i.e., peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) by 23%, mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) by 29%, optic artrophy-1 (OPA1) by 31% and mitochondrial fission factor (MFF) by 44%, and voltage-dependent anion channel 1 (VDAC1) by 30%. Furthermore, training increased the amount and maximal activity of citrate synthase (CS) by 10% and 65%, respectively, and the amount and maximal activity of cytochrome <i>c</i> oxidase (COX) by 57% and 42%, respectively, but had no effect on the total Mito<sub>VD</sub> in the gastrocnemius muscle. We concluded that not Mito<sub>VD</sub> per se, but mitochondrial COX activity (reflecting oxidative phosphorylation activity), should be regarded as a biomarker of muscle adaptation to endurance training in beginner runners.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/18/10843critical powerheart ratemuscle fatigueoxygen uptakerunning |
| spellingShingle | Jerzy A. Zoladz Joanna Majerczak Lukasz Galganski Marcin Grandys Justyna Zapart-Bukowska Piotr Kuczek Leszek Kołodziejski Lucyna Walkowicz Dorota Szymoniak-Chochół Wincenty Kilarski Wieslawa Jarmuszkiewicz Endurance Training Increases the Running Performance of Untrained Men without Changing the Mitochondrial Volume Density in the Gastrocnemius Muscle International Journal of Molecular Sciences critical power heart rate muscle fatigue oxygen uptake running |
| title | Endurance Training Increases the Running Performance of Untrained Men without Changing the Mitochondrial Volume Density in the Gastrocnemius Muscle |
| title_full | Endurance Training Increases the Running Performance of Untrained Men without Changing the Mitochondrial Volume Density in the Gastrocnemius Muscle |
| title_fullStr | Endurance Training Increases the Running Performance of Untrained Men without Changing the Mitochondrial Volume Density in the Gastrocnemius Muscle |
| title_full_unstemmed | Endurance Training Increases the Running Performance of Untrained Men without Changing the Mitochondrial Volume Density in the Gastrocnemius Muscle |
| title_short | Endurance Training Increases the Running Performance of Untrained Men without Changing the Mitochondrial Volume Density in the Gastrocnemius Muscle |
| title_sort | endurance training increases the running performance of untrained men without changing the mitochondrial volume density in the gastrocnemius muscle |
| topic | critical power heart rate muscle fatigue oxygen uptake running |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/18/10843 |
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