Experimental and Numerical Study on Rapid Evacuation Characteristics of Staircases in Campus Buildings
In this work, we conducted downward evacuation experiments in four types of staircases under various smoke visibility conditions of the naked eye, wearing sunglass and wearing eyeshades. Ten male and ten female college students were recruited to conduct the evacuation as a single male, single female...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Buildings |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/12/6/848 |
| _version_ | 1797489258988044288 |
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| author | Qian Zhang Fei Yu Shan Gao Chen Chang Xusheng Zhang |
| author_facet | Qian Zhang Fei Yu Shan Gao Chen Chang Xusheng Zhang |
| author_sort | Qian Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this work, we conducted downward evacuation experiments in four types of staircases under various smoke visibility conditions of the naked eye, wearing sunglass and wearing eyeshades. Ten male and ten female college students were recruited to conduct the evacuation as a single male, single female, two males supporting one another, two females supporting one another and one male carrying another on his back. The evacuation time on each floor was recorded. The corresponding evacuation models were established by Pathfinder and verified against the test data. The effects of evacuation crowd density and response time considering gender factors on the evacuation time were simulated using the models. The results show that under the experimental condition of low visibility, the curve of evacuation time presents a stable state, whose change with the increase in the floors is not obvious. The increase in the evacuation time under different visibility indicates that males have better adaptability to the environment than females. The curves of SSP (straight running stairs with platform) and DSS (double split parallel stairs) are smoother than those of DPS (double running parallel stairs) and CS (corner stairs), indicating less pressure and less congestion during evacuation. During the emergency evacuation, the crowd pressure on the platform of the staircases is small. The front section of the flight and the corner part of the staircases are prone to congestion during evacuation. Under the influence of gender factors, since the response time of males is longer than that of females, the smaller the proportion of males, the smaller the time growth rate considering the reaction time. With the increase in crowd density, the effect of response time on total evacuation time becomes smaller. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:13:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5147d683194c4bfdafb54349f35e22c4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-5309 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:13:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Buildings |
| spelling | doaj.art-5147d683194c4bfdafb54349f35e22c42023-11-23T15:54:19ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092022-06-0112684810.3390/buildings12060848Experimental and Numerical Study on Rapid Evacuation Characteristics of Staircases in Campus BuildingsQian Zhang0Fei Yu1Shan Gao2Chen Chang3Xusheng Zhang4Xi’an Changda Asset Management Co., Ltd., Chang’an University, Xi’an 710064, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Xijing University, Xi’an 710123, ChinaHarbin Institute of Technology, School of Civil Engineering, Harbin 150090, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Xijing University, Xi’an 710123, ChinaChina Jikan Research Institute of Engineering Investigations and Design Co., Ltd., Xi’an 710043, ChinaIn this work, we conducted downward evacuation experiments in four types of staircases under various smoke visibility conditions of the naked eye, wearing sunglass and wearing eyeshades. Ten male and ten female college students were recruited to conduct the evacuation as a single male, single female, two males supporting one another, two females supporting one another and one male carrying another on his back. The evacuation time on each floor was recorded. The corresponding evacuation models were established by Pathfinder and verified against the test data. The effects of evacuation crowd density and response time considering gender factors on the evacuation time were simulated using the models. The results show that under the experimental condition of low visibility, the curve of evacuation time presents a stable state, whose change with the increase in the floors is not obvious. The increase in the evacuation time under different visibility indicates that males have better adaptability to the environment than females. The curves of SSP (straight running stairs with platform) and DSS (double split parallel stairs) are smoother than those of DPS (double running parallel stairs) and CS (corner stairs), indicating less pressure and less congestion during evacuation. During the emergency evacuation, the crowd pressure on the platform of the staircases is small. The front section of the flight and the corner part of the staircases are prone to congestion during evacuation. Under the influence of gender factors, since the response time of males is longer than that of females, the smaller the proportion of males, the smaller the time growth rate considering the reaction time. With the increase in crowd density, the effect of response time on total evacuation time becomes smaller.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/12/6/848staircaseevacuationgendervisibilitycampus building |
| spellingShingle | Qian Zhang Fei Yu Shan Gao Chen Chang Xusheng Zhang Experimental and Numerical Study on Rapid Evacuation Characteristics of Staircases in Campus Buildings Buildings staircase evacuation gender visibility campus building |
| title | Experimental and Numerical Study on Rapid Evacuation Characteristics of Staircases in Campus Buildings |
| title_full | Experimental and Numerical Study on Rapid Evacuation Characteristics of Staircases in Campus Buildings |
| title_fullStr | Experimental and Numerical Study on Rapid Evacuation Characteristics of Staircases in Campus Buildings |
| title_full_unstemmed | Experimental and Numerical Study on Rapid Evacuation Characteristics of Staircases in Campus Buildings |
| title_short | Experimental and Numerical Study on Rapid Evacuation Characteristics of Staircases in Campus Buildings |
| title_sort | experimental and numerical study on rapid evacuation characteristics of staircases in campus buildings |
| topic | staircase evacuation gender visibility campus building |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/12/6/848 |
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