Effects of Intermediate Frequency (150 kHz) Electromagnetic Radiation on the Vital Organs of Female Sprague Dawley Rats
Exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from intermediate frequency sources has increased exponentially in recent years. The consequences of this exposure on biological systems are prompting scientists to study the effects on human health. This current study aimed to determine the effects of int...
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MDPI AG
2023-02-01
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| author | Venkatesan Sundaram Stephanie Mohammed Brian N. Cockburn M. R. Srinivasan Chalapathi R. Adidam Venkata Jenelle Johnson Lester Gilkes Kegan Romelle Jones Nikolay Zyuzikov |
| author_facet | Venkatesan Sundaram Stephanie Mohammed Brian N. Cockburn M. R. Srinivasan Chalapathi R. Adidam Venkata Jenelle Johnson Lester Gilkes Kegan Romelle Jones Nikolay Zyuzikov |
| author_sort | Venkatesan Sundaram |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Exposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from intermediate frequency sources has increased exponentially in recent years. The consequences of this exposure on biological systems are prompting scientists to study the effects on human health. This current study aimed to determine the effects of intermediate frequency (150 kHz) EMR exposure on the vital organs of female Sprague Dawley rats. The EMR group (<i>n</i> = 10 animals) was exposed to a frequency of 150 kHz with an intensity of 65 ± 15 μW/cm<sup>2</sup> for two months. The control group (<i>n</i> = 10 animals) was exposed to an intensity of 35 ± 15 nW/cm<sup>2</sup>. Haematological, histochemical, gross, and histopathological profiles of all major organs of all animals were then performed using standard procedures. All major organs generally showed no significant detectable effects in either the control or EMR groups. However, gross and histopathological examinations revealed the effects of EMR on the liver and lungs, which showed inflammatory changes without significant biochemical/haematological manifestations. In addition, a significant increase in serum sodium level and a decrease in serum urea level were also observed in the EMR group. It can be concluded that the current frequency and duration of exposure trigger the changes in the liver and lungs but are not sufficient to cause clinical and functional manifestations. Therefore, a long-term exposure study might be helpful to determine the effects of 150 kHz IF EMR on these organs. |
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| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:07:55Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
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| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-514d5619857747c49f74b152f2f2dfd42023-11-16T19:14:38ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372023-02-0112231010.3390/biology12020310Effects of Intermediate Frequency (150 kHz) Electromagnetic Radiation on the Vital Organs of Female Sprague Dawley RatsVenkatesan Sundaram0Stephanie Mohammed1Brian N. Cockburn2M. R. Srinivasan3Chalapathi R. Adidam Venkata4Jenelle Johnson5Lester Gilkes6Kegan Romelle Jones7Nikolay Zyuzikov8Department of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 999183, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 999183, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 999183, Trinidad and TobagoLaboratory Animal Medicine Unit, Directorate of Centre for Animal Health Studies, Tamil Nadu Veterinary and Animal Sciences University, Chennai 600016, Tamil Nadu, IndiaDepartment of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 999183, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 999183, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 999183, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Basic Veterinary Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 999183, Trinidad and TobagoDepartment of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, The University of the West Indies, St. Augustine 999183, Trinidad and TobagoExposure to electromagnetic radiation (EMR) from intermediate frequency sources has increased exponentially in recent years. The consequences of this exposure on biological systems are prompting scientists to study the effects on human health. This current study aimed to determine the effects of intermediate frequency (150 kHz) EMR exposure on the vital organs of female Sprague Dawley rats. The EMR group (<i>n</i> = 10 animals) was exposed to a frequency of 150 kHz with an intensity of 65 ± 15 μW/cm<sup>2</sup> for two months. The control group (<i>n</i> = 10 animals) was exposed to an intensity of 35 ± 15 nW/cm<sup>2</sup>. Haematological, histochemical, gross, and histopathological profiles of all major organs of all animals were then performed using standard procedures. All major organs generally showed no significant detectable effects in either the control or EMR groups. However, gross and histopathological examinations revealed the effects of EMR on the liver and lungs, which showed inflammatory changes without significant biochemical/haematological manifestations. In addition, a significant increase in serum sodium level and a decrease in serum urea level were also observed in the EMR group. It can be concluded that the current frequency and duration of exposure trigger the changes in the liver and lungs but are not sufficient to cause clinical and functional manifestations. Therefore, a long-term exposure study might be helpful to determine the effects of 150 kHz IF EMR on these organs.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/2/310intermediate frequencyelectromagnetic radiationhistologybiochemicalSprague Dawley rats |
| spellingShingle | Venkatesan Sundaram Stephanie Mohammed Brian N. Cockburn M. R. Srinivasan Chalapathi R. Adidam Venkata Jenelle Johnson Lester Gilkes Kegan Romelle Jones Nikolay Zyuzikov Effects of Intermediate Frequency (150 kHz) Electromagnetic Radiation on the Vital Organs of Female Sprague Dawley Rats Biology intermediate frequency electromagnetic radiation histology biochemical Sprague Dawley rats |
| title | Effects of Intermediate Frequency (150 kHz) Electromagnetic Radiation on the Vital Organs of Female Sprague Dawley Rats |
| title_full | Effects of Intermediate Frequency (150 kHz) Electromagnetic Radiation on the Vital Organs of Female Sprague Dawley Rats |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Intermediate Frequency (150 kHz) Electromagnetic Radiation on the Vital Organs of Female Sprague Dawley Rats |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Intermediate Frequency (150 kHz) Electromagnetic Radiation on the Vital Organs of Female Sprague Dawley Rats |
| title_short | Effects of Intermediate Frequency (150 kHz) Electromagnetic Radiation on the Vital Organs of Female Sprague Dawley Rats |
| title_sort | effects of intermediate frequency 150 khz electromagnetic radiation on the vital organs of female sprague dawley rats |
| topic | intermediate frequency electromagnetic radiation histology biochemical Sprague Dawley rats |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/2/310 |
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