A novel method for in-situ extracting bio-impedance model parameters optimized for embedded hardware

Abstract A novel method for embedded hardware-based parameter estimation of the Cole model of bioimpedance is developed and presented. The model parameters R ∞, R 1 and C are estimated using the derived set of equations based on measured values of real (R) and imaginary part (X) of bioimpedance, as...

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Main Authors: Mitar Simić, Todd J. Freeborn, Tomislav B. Šekara, Adrian K. Stavrakis, Varun Jeoti, Goran M. Stojanović
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2023-03-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-31860-w
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author Mitar Simić
Todd J. Freeborn
Tomislav B. Šekara
Adrian K. Stavrakis
Varun Jeoti
Goran M. Stojanović
author_facet Mitar Simić
Todd J. Freeborn
Tomislav B. Šekara
Adrian K. Stavrakis
Varun Jeoti
Goran M. Stojanović
author_sort Mitar Simić
collection DOAJ
description Abstract A novel method for embedded hardware-based parameter estimation of the Cole model of bioimpedance is developed and presented. The model parameters R ∞, R 1 and C are estimated using the derived set of equations based on measured values of real (R) and imaginary part (X) of bioimpedance, as well as the numerical approximation of the first derivative of quotient R/X with respect to angular frequency. The optimal value for parameter α is estimated using a brute force method. The estimation accuracy of the proposed method is very similar with the relevant work from the existing literature. Moreover, performance evaluation was performed using the MATLAB software installed on a laptop, as well as on the three embedded-hardware platforms (Arduino Mega2560, Raspberry Pi Pico and XIAO SAMD21). Obtained results showed that the used platforms can perform reliable bioimpedance processing with the same accuracy, while Raspberry Pi Pico is the fastest solution with the smallest energy consumption.
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spelling doaj.art-515144f82fe44a6dbde65df44f96f8662023-04-03T05:27:57ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222023-03-0113111210.1038/s41598-023-31860-wA novel method for in-situ extracting bio-impedance model parameters optimized for embedded hardwareMitar Simić0Todd J. Freeborn1Tomislav B. Šekara2Adrian K. Stavrakis3Varun Jeoti4Goran M. Stojanović5Faculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi SadDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of AlabamaSchool of Electrical Engineering, University of BelgradeFaculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi SadFaculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi SadFaculty of Technical Sciences, University of Novi SadAbstract A novel method for embedded hardware-based parameter estimation of the Cole model of bioimpedance is developed and presented. The model parameters R ∞, R 1 and C are estimated using the derived set of equations based on measured values of real (R) and imaginary part (X) of bioimpedance, as well as the numerical approximation of the first derivative of quotient R/X with respect to angular frequency. The optimal value for parameter α is estimated using a brute force method. The estimation accuracy of the proposed method is very similar with the relevant work from the existing literature. Moreover, performance evaluation was performed using the MATLAB software installed on a laptop, as well as on the three embedded-hardware platforms (Arduino Mega2560, Raspberry Pi Pico and XIAO SAMD21). Obtained results showed that the used platforms can perform reliable bioimpedance processing with the same accuracy, while Raspberry Pi Pico is the fastest solution with the smallest energy consumption.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-31860-w
spellingShingle Mitar Simić
Todd J. Freeborn
Tomislav B. Šekara
Adrian K. Stavrakis
Varun Jeoti
Goran M. Stojanović
A novel method for in-situ extracting bio-impedance model parameters optimized for embedded hardware
Scientific Reports
title A novel method for in-situ extracting bio-impedance model parameters optimized for embedded hardware
title_full A novel method for in-situ extracting bio-impedance model parameters optimized for embedded hardware
title_fullStr A novel method for in-situ extracting bio-impedance model parameters optimized for embedded hardware
title_full_unstemmed A novel method for in-situ extracting bio-impedance model parameters optimized for embedded hardware
title_short A novel method for in-situ extracting bio-impedance model parameters optimized for embedded hardware
title_sort novel method for in situ extracting bio impedance model parameters optimized for embedded hardware
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-31860-w
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