Combination of a Deep Eutectic Solvent and Macroporous Resin for Green Recovery of Iridoids, Chlorogenic Acid, and Flavonoids from <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> Leaves
To increase the effectiveness of using typical biomass waste as a resource, iridoids, chlorogenic acid, and flavonoids from the waste biomass of <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> leaves (EULs) were extracted by deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in conjunction with macroporous resin. To optimize the e...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/3/737 |
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| author | Yunhui Liao Feng Chen Haishan Tang Wubliker Dessie Zuodong Qin |
| author_facet | Yunhui Liao Feng Chen Haishan Tang Wubliker Dessie Zuodong Qin |
| author_sort | Yunhui Liao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To increase the effectiveness of using typical biomass waste as a resource, iridoids, chlorogenic acid, and flavonoids from the waste biomass of <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> leaves (EULs) were extracted by deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in conjunction with macroporous resin. To optimize the extract conditions, the experiment of response surface was employed with the single-factor of DES composition molar ratio, liquid–solid ratio, water percentage, extraction temperature, and extraction time. The findings demonstrated that the theoretical simulated extraction yield of chlorogenic acid (CGA), geniposidic acid (GPA), aucubin (AU), geniposide (GP), rutin (RU), and isoquercetin (IQU) were 42.8, 137.2, 156.7, 5.4, 13.5, and 12.8 mg/g, respectively, under optimal conditions (hydrogen bond donor–hydrogen bond acceptor molar ratio of 1.96, liquid–solid ratio of 28.89 mL/g, water percentage of 38.44%, temperature of 317.36 K, and time of 55.59 min). Then, 12 resins were evaluated for their adsorption and desorption capabilities for the target components, and the HPD950 resin was found to operate at its optimum. Additionally, the HPD950 resin demonstrated significant sustainability and considerable potential in the recyclability test. Finally, the hypoglycemic in vitro, hypolipidemic in vitro, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects of EUL extract were evaluated, and the correlation analysis of six active components with biological activity and physicochemical characteristics of DESs by heatmap were discussed. The findings of this study can offer a theoretical foundation for the extraction of valuable components by DESs from waste biomass, as well as specific utility benefits for the creation and development of natural products. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:51:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5152313119d443caa8c12dea4bc02e09 |
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| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:51:38Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-5152313119d443caa8c12dea4bc02e092024-02-09T15:19:15ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492024-02-0129373710.3390/molecules29030737Combination of a Deep Eutectic Solvent and Macroporous Resin for Green Recovery of Iridoids, Chlorogenic Acid, and Flavonoids from <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> LeavesYunhui Liao0Feng Chen1Haishan Tang2Wubliker Dessie3Zuodong Qin4College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, ChinaCollege of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, ChinaTo increase the effectiveness of using typical biomass waste as a resource, iridoids, chlorogenic acid, and flavonoids from the waste biomass of <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> leaves (EULs) were extracted by deep eutectic solvents (DESs) in conjunction with macroporous resin. To optimize the extract conditions, the experiment of response surface was employed with the single-factor of DES composition molar ratio, liquid–solid ratio, water percentage, extraction temperature, and extraction time. The findings demonstrated that the theoretical simulated extraction yield of chlorogenic acid (CGA), geniposidic acid (GPA), aucubin (AU), geniposide (GP), rutin (RU), and isoquercetin (IQU) were 42.8, 137.2, 156.7, 5.4, 13.5, and 12.8 mg/g, respectively, under optimal conditions (hydrogen bond donor–hydrogen bond acceptor molar ratio of 1.96, liquid–solid ratio of 28.89 mL/g, water percentage of 38.44%, temperature of 317.36 K, and time of 55.59 min). Then, 12 resins were evaluated for their adsorption and desorption capabilities for the target components, and the HPD950 resin was found to operate at its optimum. Additionally, the HPD950 resin demonstrated significant sustainability and considerable potential in the recyclability test. Finally, the hypoglycemic in vitro, hypolipidemic in vitro, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory effects of EUL extract were evaluated, and the correlation analysis of six active components with biological activity and physicochemical characteristics of DESs by heatmap were discussed. The findings of this study can offer a theoretical foundation for the extraction of valuable components by DESs from waste biomass, as well as specific utility benefits for the creation and development of natural products.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/3/737<i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> leaves (EULs)deep eutectic solventsextractionmacroporous resinbiological activity |
| spellingShingle | Yunhui Liao Feng Chen Haishan Tang Wubliker Dessie Zuodong Qin Combination of a Deep Eutectic Solvent and Macroporous Resin for Green Recovery of Iridoids, Chlorogenic Acid, and Flavonoids from <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> Leaves Molecules <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> leaves (EULs) deep eutectic solvents extraction macroporous resin biological activity |
| title | Combination of a Deep Eutectic Solvent and Macroporous Resin for Green Recovery of Iridoids, Chlorogenic Acid, and Flavonoids from <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> Leaves |
| title_full | Combination of a Deep Eutectic Solvent and Macroporous Resin for Green Recovery of Iridoids, Chlorogenic Acid, and Flavonoids from <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> Leaves |
| title_fullStr | Combination of a Deep Eutectic Solvent and Macroporous Resin for Green Recovery of Iridoids, Chlorogenic Acid, and Flavonoids from <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> Leaves |
| title_full_unstemmed | Combination of a Deep Eutectic Solvent and Macroporous Resin for Green Recovery of Iridoids, Chlorogenic Acid, and Flavonoids from <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> Leaves |
| title_short | Combination of a Deep Eutectic Solvent and Macroporous Resin for Green Recovery of Iridoids, Chlorogenic Acid, and Flavonoids from <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> Leaves |
| title_sort | combination of a deep eutectic solvent and macroporous resin for green recovery of iridoids chlorogenic acid and flavonoids from i eucommia ulmoides i leaves |
| topic | <i>Eucommia ulmoides</i> leaves (EULs) deep eutectic solvents extraction macroporous resin biological activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/29/3/737 |
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