Quantity and Source of Protein during Complementary Feeding and Infant Growth: Evidence from a Population Facing Double Burden of Malnutrition
Background: While high protein intake during infancy may increase obesity risk, low qualities and quantities of protein contribute to undernutrition. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the amount and source of protein on infant growth during complementary feeding (CF) in a country where u...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/19/3948 |
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| author | Kulnipa Kittisakmontri Julie Lanigan Jonathan C. K. Wells Suphara Manowong Sujitra Kaewarree Mary Fewtrell |
| author_facet | Kulnipa Kittisakmontri Julie Lanigan Jonathan C. K. Wells Suphara Manowong Sujitra Kaewarree Mary Fewtrell |
| author_sort | Kulnipa Kittisakmontri |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: While high protein intake during infancy may increase obesity risk, low qualities and quantities of protein contribute to undernutrition. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the amount and source of protein on infant growth during complementary feeding (CF) in a country where under- and overnutrition co-exist as the so-called the double burden of malnutrition. Methods: A multicenter, prospective cohort was conducted. Healthy term infants were enrolled with dietary and anthropometric assessments at 6, 9 and 12 months (M). Blood samples were collected at 12M for IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and insulin analyses. Results: A total of 145 infants were enrolled (49.7% female). Animal source foods (ASFs) were the main protein source and showed a positive, dose–response relationship with weight-for-age, weight-for-length and BMI z-scores after adjusting for potential confounders. However, dairy protein had a greater impact on those parameters than non-dairy ASFs, while plant-based protein had no effect. These findings were supported by higher levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and insulin following a higher intake of dairy protein. None of the protein sources were associated with linear growth. Conclusions: This study showed the distinctive impact of different protein sources during CF on infant growth. A high intake of dairy protein, mainly from infant formula, had a greater impact on weight gain and growth-related hormones. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:20:43Z |
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| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T21:20:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-51641f9212f04cd0b445ee3a55fe98212023-11-23T21:22:59ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432022-09-011419394810.3390/nu14193948Quantity and Source of Protein during Complementary Feeding and Infant Growth: Evidence from a Population Facing Double Burden of MalnutritionKulnipa Kittisakmontri0Julie Lanigan1Jonathan C. K. Wells2Suphara Manowong3Sujitra Kaewarree4Mary Fewtrell5Childhood Nutrition Research Centre, Department of Population, Policy and Practice, Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UKChildhood Nutrition Research Centre, Department of Population, Policy and Practice, Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UKChildhood Nutrition Research Centre, Department of Population, Policy and Practice, Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UKDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDepartment of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandChildhood Nutrition Research Centre, Department of Population, Policy and Practice, Research and Teaching Department, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London WC1N 1EH, UKBackground: While high protein intake during infancy may increase obesity risk, low qualities and quantities of protein contribute to undernutrition. This study aimed to investigate the impact of the amount and source of protein on infant growth during complementary feeding (CF) in a country where under- and overnutrition co-exist as the so-called the double burden of malnutrition. Methods: A multicenter, prospective cohort was conducted. Healthy term infants were enrolled with dietary and anthropometric assessments at 6, 9 and 12 months (M). Blood samples were collected at 12M for IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and insulin analyses. Results: A total of 145 infants were enrolled (49.7% female). Animal source foods (ASFs) were the main protein source and showed a positive, dose–response relationship with weight-for-age, weight-for-length and BMI z-scores after adjusting for potential confounders. However, dairy protein had a greater impact on those parameters than non-dairy ASFs, while plant-based protein had no effect. These findings were supported by higher levels of IGF-1, IGFBP-3 and insulin following a higher intake of dairy protein. None of the protein sources were associated with linear growth. Conclusions: This study showed the distinctive impact of different protein sources during CF on infant growth. A high intake of dairy protein, mainly from infant formula, had a greater impact on weight gain and growth-related hormones.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/19/3948protein intakeearly-life nutritioncomplementary feedinganimal source foodsdouble burden of malnutritioninfant growth |
| spellingShingle | Kulnipa Kittisakmontri Julie Lanigan Jonathan C. K. Wells Suphara Manowong Sujitra Kaewarree Mary Fewtrell Quantity and Source of Protein during Complementary Feeding and Infant Growth: Evidence from a Population Facing Double Burden of Malnutrition Nutrients protein intake early-life nutrition complementary feeding animal source foods double burden of malnutrition infant growth |
| title | Quantity and Source of Protein during Complementary Feeding and Infant Growth: Evidence from a Population Facing Double Burden of Malnutrition |
| title_full | Quantity and Source of Protein during Complementary Feeding and Infant Growth: Evidence from a Population Facing Double Burden of Malnutrition |
| title_fullStr | Quantity and Source of Protein during Complementary Feeding and Infant Growth: Evidence from a Population Facing Double Burden of Malnutrition |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantity and Source of Protein during Complementary Feeding and Infant Growth: Evidence from a Population Facing Double Burden of Malnutrition |
| title_short | Quantity and Source of Protein during Complementary Feeding and Infant Growth: Evidence from a Population Facing Double Burden of Malnutrition |
| title_sort | quantity and source of protein during complementary feeding and infant growth evidence from a population facing double burden of malnutrition |
| topic | protein intake early-life nutrition complementary feeding animal source foods double burden of malnutrition infant growth |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/14/19/3948 |
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