17β-Estradiol Effects in Skeletal Muscle: A <sup>31</sup>P MR Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) Study of Young Females during Early Follicular (EF) and Peri-Ovulation (PO) Phases
The natural variation in estrogen secretion throughout the female menstrual cycle impacts various organs, including estrogen receptor (ER)-expressed skeletal muscle. Many women commonly experience increased fatigue or reduced energy levels in the days leading up to and during menstruation, when bloo...
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MDPI AG
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Diagnostics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/3/235 |
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| author | Jimin Ren Luis Rodriguez Talon Johnson Anke Henning Yasin Y. Dhaher |
| author_facet | Jimin Ren Luis Rodriguez Talon Johnson Anke Henning Yasin Y. Dhaher |
| author_sort | Jimin Ren |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The natural variation in estrogen secretion throughout the female menstrual cycle impacts various organs, including estrogen receptor (ER)-expressed skeletal muscle. Many women commonly experience increased fatigue or reduced energy levels in the days leading up to and during menstruation, when blood estrogen levels decline. Yet, it remains unclear whether endogenous 17β-estradiol, a major estrogen component, directly affects the energy metabolism in skeletal muscle due to the intricate and fluctuating nature of female hormones. In this study, we employed 2D <sup>31</sup>P FID-MRSI at 7T to investigate phosphoryl metabolites in the soleus muscle of a cohort of young females (average age: 28 ± 6 years, <i>n</i> = 7) during the early follicular (EF) and peri-ovulation (PO) phases, when their blood 17β-estradiol levels differ significantly (EF: 28 ± 18 pg/mL vs. PO: 71 ± 30 pg/mL, <i>p</i> < 0.05), while the levels of other potentially interfering hormones remain relatively invariant. Our findings reveal a reduction in ATP-referenced phosphocreatine (PCr) levels in the EF phase compared to the PO phase for all participants (5.4 ± 4.3%). Furthermore, we observe a linear correlation between muscle PCr levels and blood 17β-estradiol concentrations (r = 0.64, <i>p</i> = 0.014). Conversely, inorganic phosphate Pi and phospholipid metabolite GPC levels remain independent of 17β-estradiol but display a high correlation between the EF and PO phases (<i>p</i> = 0.015 for Pi and <i>p</i> = 0.0008 for GPC). The robust association we have identified between ATP-referenced PCr and 17β-estradiol suggests that 17β-estradiol plays a modulatory role in the energy metabolism of skeletal muscle. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T03:59:29Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-5166148a1a26430d96e2525f256adc8b2024-02-09T15:09:55ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182024-01-0114323510.3390/diagnostics1403023517β-Estradiol Effects in Skeletal Muscle: A <sup>31</sup>P MR Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) Study of Young Females during Early Follicular (EF) and Peri-Ovulation (PO) PhasesJimin Ren0Luis Rodriguez1Talon Johnson2Anke Henning3Yasin Y. Dhaher4Advanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USADepartment of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USAAdvanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USAAdvanced Imaging Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USADepartment of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX 75080, USAThe natural variation in estrogen secretion throughout the female menstrual cycle impacts various organs, including estrogen receptor (ER)-expressed skeletal muscle. Many women commonly experience increased fatigue or reduced energy levels in the days leading up to and during menstruation, when blood estrogen levels decline. Yet, it remains unclear whether endogenous 17β-estradiol, a major estrogen component, directly affects the energy metabolism in skeletal muscle due to the intricate and fluctuating nature of female hormones. In this study, we employed 2D <sup>31</sup>P FID-MRSI at 7T to investigate phosphoryl metabolites in the soleus muscle of a cohort of young females (average age: 28 ± 6 years, <i>n</i> = 7) during the early follicular (EF) and peri-ovulation (PO) phases, when their blood 17β-estradiol levels differ significantly (EF: 28 ± 18 pg/mL vs. PO: 71 ± 30 pg/mL, <i>p</i> < 0.05), while the levels of other potentially interfering hormones remain relatively invariant. Our findings reveal a reduction in ATP-referenced phosphocreatine (PCr) levels in the EF phase compared to the PO phase for all participants (5.4 ± 4.3%). Furthermore, we observe a linear correlation between muscle PCr levels and blood 17β-estradiol concentrations (r = 0.64, <i>p</i> = 0.014). Conversely, inorganic phosphate Pi and phospholipid metabolite GPC levels remain independent of 17β-estradiol but display a high correlation between the EF and PO phases (<i>p</i> = 0.015 for Pi and <i>p</i> = 0.0008 for GPC). The robust association we have identified between ATP-referenced PCr and 17β-estradiol suggests that 17β-estradiol plays a modulatory role in the energy metabolism of skeletal muscle.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/3/235phosphocreatineestrogenskeletal musclemetabolismmagnesium31P MRS |
| spellingShingle | Jimin Ren Luis Rodriguez Talon Johnson Anke Henning Yasin Y. Dhaher 17β-Estradiol Effects in Skeletal Muscle: A <sup>31</sup>P MR Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) Study of Young Females during Early Follicular (EF) and Peri-Ovulation (PO) Phases Diagnostics phosphocreatine estrogen skeletal muscle metabolism magnesium 31P MRS |
| title | 17β-Estradiol Effects in Skeletal Muscle: A <sup>31</sup>P MR Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) Study of Young Females during Early Follicular (EF) and Peri-Ovulation (PO) Phases |
| title_full | 17β-Estradiol Effects in Skeletal Muscle: A <sup>31</sup>P MR Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) Study of Young Females during Early Follicular (EF) and Peri-Ovulation (PO) Phases |
| title_fullStr | 17β-Estradiol Effects in Skeletal Muscle: A <sup>31</sup>P MR Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) Study of Young Females during Early Follicular (EF) and Peri-Ovulation (PO) Phases |
| title_full_unstemmed | 17β-Estradiol Effects in Skeletal Muscle: A <sup>31</sup>P MR Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) Study of Young Females during Early Follicular (EF) and Peri-Ovulation (PO) Phases |
| title_short | 17β-Estradiol Effects in Skeletal Muscle: A <sup>31</sup>P MR Spectroscopic Imaging (MRSI) Study of Young Females during Early Follicular (EF) and Peri-Ovulation (PO) Phases |
| title_sort | 17β estradiol effects in skeletal muscle a sup 31 sup p mr spectroscopic imaging mrsi study of young females during early follicular ef and peri ovulation po phases |
| topic | phosphocreatine estrogen skeletal muscle metabolism magnesium 31P MRS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/14/3/235 |
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