Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in iNPH: A Narrative Review
Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a neurological syndrome characterized by the clinical triad of gait disorder, cognitive impairment and urinary incontinence. It has attracted interest because of the possible reversibility of symptoms, especially with timely treatment. The main path...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-11-01
|
| Series: | Diagnostics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/12/2976 |
| _version_ | 1797460663780507648 |
|---|---|
| author | Efstratios-Stylianos Pyrgelis Fotini Boufidou Vasilios C. Constantinides Myrto Papaioannou Sokratis G. Papageorgiou Leonidas Stefanis George P. Paraskevas Elisabeth Kapaki |
| author_facet | Efstratios-Stylianos Pyrgelis Fotini Boufidou Vasilios C. Constantinides Myrto Papaioannou Sokratis G. Papageorgiou Leonidas Stefanis George P. Paraskevas Elisabeth Kapaki |
| author_sort | Efstratios-Stylianos Pyrgelis |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a neurological syndrome characterized by the clinical triad of gait disorder, cognitive impairment and urinary incontinence. It has attracted interest because of the possible reversibility of symptoms, especially with timely treatment. The main pathophysiological theory is based on a vicious circle of disruption in circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that leads to the deceleration of its absorption. Data regarding CSF biomarkers in iNPH are contradictory and no definite CSF biomarker profile has been recognized as in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which often co-exists with iNPH. In this narrative review, we investigated the literature regarding CSF biomarkers in iNPH, both the established biomarkers total tau protein (t-tau), phosphorylated tau protein (p-tau) and amyloid peptide with 42 amino acids (Aβ42), and other molecules, which are being investigated as emerging biomarkers. The majority of studies demonstrate differences in CSF concentrations of Aβ42 and tau-proteins (t-tau and p-tau) among iNPH patients, healthy individuals and patients with AD and vascular dementia. iNPH patients present with lower CSF Aβ42 and p-tau concentrations than healthy individuals and lower t-tau and p-tau concentrations than AD patients. This could prove helpful for improving diagnosis, differential diagnosis and possibly prognosis of iNPH patients. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:08:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-51746cceda5a445c8f2dfdd173cda130 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4418 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T17:08:16Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Diagnostics |
| spelling | doaj.art-51746cceda5a445c8f2dfdd173cda1302023-11-24T14:16:28ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182022-11-011212297610.3390/diagnostics12122976Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in iNPH: A Narrative ReviewEfstratios-Stylianos Pyrgelis0Fotini Boufidou1Vasilios C. Constantinides2Myrto Papaioannou3Sokratis G. Papageorgiou4Leonidas Stefanis5George P. Paraskevas6Elisabeth Kapaki71st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Vass. Sophias Ave. 74, 11528 Athens, GreeceNeurochemistry and Biological Markers Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Vass. Sophias Ave. 74, 11528 Athens, Greece1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Vass. Sophias Ave. 74, 11528 Athens, GreeceNeurochemistry and Biological Markers Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Vass. Sophias Ave. 74, 11528 Athens, Greece1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Vass. Sophias Ave. 74, 11528 Athens, Greece1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Vass. Sophias Ave. 74, 11528 Athens, GreeceNeurochemistry and Biological Markers Unit, 1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Vass. Sophias Ave. 74, 11528 Athens, Greece1st Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Eginition Hospital, Vass. Sophias Ave. 74, 11528 Athens, GreeceIdiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH) is a neurological syndrome characterized by the clinical triad of gait disorder, cognitive impairment and urinary incontinence. It has attracted interest because of the possible reversibility of symptoms, especially with timely treatment. The main pathophysiological theory is based on a vicious circle of disruption in circulation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) that leads to the deceleration of its absorption. Data regarding CSF biomarkers in iNPH are contradictory and no definite CSF biomarker profile has been recognized as in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), which often co-exists with iNPH. In this narrative review, we investigated the literature regarding CSF biomarkers in iNPH, both the established biomarkers total tau protein (t-tau), phosphorylated tau protein (p-tau) and amyloid peptide with 42 amino acids (Aβ42), and other molecules, which are being investigated as emerging biomarkers. The majority of studies demonstrate differences in CSF concentrations of Aβ42 and tau-proteins (t-tau and p-tau) among iNPH patients, healthy individuals and patients with AD and vascular dementia. iNPH patients present with lower CSF Aβ42 and p-tau concentrations than healthy individuals and lower t-tau and p-tau concentrations than AD patients. This could prove helpful for improving diagnosis, differential diagnosis and possibly prognosis of iNPH patients.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/12/2976normal pressure hydrocephalusbiomarkerscerebrospinal fluidAlzheimer’s diseasevascular dementiatau proteins |
| spellingShingle | Efstratios-Stylianos Pyrgelis Fotini Boufidou Vasilios C. Constantinides Myrto Papaioannou Sokratis G. Papageorgiou Leonidas Stefanis George P. Paraskevas Elisabeth Kapaki Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in iNPH: A Narrative Review Diagnostics normal pressure hydrocephalus biomarkers cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer’s disease vascular dementia tau proteins |
| title | Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in iNPH: A Narrative Review |
| title_full | Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in iNPH: A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in iNPH: A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in iNPH: A Narrative Review |
| title_short | Cerebrospinal Fluid Biomarkers in iNPH: A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers in inph a narrative review |
| topic | normal pressure hydrocephalus biomarkers cerebrospinal fluid Alzheimer’s disease vascular dementia tau proteins |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/12/12/2976 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT efstratiosstylianospyrgelis cerebrospinalfluidbiomarkersininphanarrativereview AT fotiniboufidou cerebrospinalfluidbiomarkersininphanarrativereview AT vasilioscconstantinides cerebrospinalfluidbiomarkersininphanarrativereview AT myrtopapaioannou cerebrospinalfluidbiomarkersininphanarrativereview AT sokratisgpapageorgiou cerebrospinalfluidbiomarkersininphanarrativereview AT leonidasstefanis cerebrospinalfluidbiomarkersininphanarrativereview AT georgepparaskevas cerebrospinalfluidbiomarkersininphanarrativereview AT elisabethkapaki cerebrospinalfluidbiomarkersininphanarrativereview |