Particle Size and Biological Fate of ZnO Do Not Cause Acute Toxicity, but Affect Toxicokinetics and Gene Expression Profiles in the Rat Livers after Oral Administration
Zinc oxide (ZnO) particles have been used as dietary supplements because zinc is an essential trace element for humans. Along with the rapid development of nanotechnology, the use of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) is increasing in the food industry, but their oral toxicity potential still remains to be ans...
| Main Authors: | , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-02-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/4/1698 |
| _version_ | 1797412696138711040 |
|---|---|
| author | Jin Yu Soo-Jin Choi |
| author_facet | Jin Yu Soo-Jin Choi |
| author_sort | Jin Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Zinc oxide (ZnO) particles have been used as dietary supplements because zinc is an essential trace element for humans. Along with the rapid development of nanotechnology, the use of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) is increasing in the food industry, but their oral toxicity potential still remains to be answered. In this study, the effects of particle size and biological fate of ZnO on acute toxicity, toxicokinetics, and gene expression profiles in the livers were investigated after oral administration of ZnO NPs (N-ZnO), bulk-sized ZnO (B-ZnO) or Zn ions in rats. The plasma concentration-time profiles after a single-dose oral administration of ZnOs differed depending on particle/ionic forms and particle size, showing high absorption of Zn ions, followed by N-ZnO and B-ZnO, although in vivo solubility did not differ from particle size. No significant acute toxicity was found after oral administration of ZnOs for 14 days in rats. However, transcriptomic responses in the livers were differently affected, showing that metabolic process and metal biding were up-regulated by Zn ions and N-ZnO, respectively, which were not pronounced in the liver treated with B-ZnO. These findings will be useful to predict the potential oral toxicity of ZnO NPs and further mechanistic and long-term exposure studies are required to assume their safety. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:05:55Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-51775fb90c8e4359aa40619fb40c775a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:05:55Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-51775fb90c8e4359aa40619fb40c775a2023-12-03T12:54:23ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-02-01224169810.3390/ijms22041698Particle Size and Biological Fate of ZnO Do Not Cause Acute Toxicity, but Affect Toxicokinetics and Gene Expression Profiles in the Rat Livers after Oral AdministrationJin Yu0Soo-Jin Choi1Division of Applied Food System, Major of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, KoreaDivision of Applied Food System, Major of Food Science and Technology, Seoul Women’s University, Seoul 01797, KoreaZinc oxide (ZnO) particles have been used as dietary supplements because zinc is an essential trace element for humans. Along with the rapid development of nanotechnology, the use of ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) is increasing in the food industry, but their oral toxicity potential still remains to be answered. In this study, the effects of particle size and biological fate of ZnO on acute toxicity, toxicokinetics, and gene expression profiles in the livers were investigated after oral administration of ZnO NPs (N-ZnO), bulk-sized ZnO (B-ZnO) or Zn ions in rats. The plasma concentration-time profiles after a single-dose oral administration of ZnOs differed depending on particle/ionic forms and particle size, showing high absorption of Zn ions, followed by N-ZnO and B-ZnO, although in vivo solubility did not differ from particle size. No significant acute toxicity was found after oral administration of ZnOs for 14 days in rats. However, transcriptomic responses in the livers were differently affected, showing that metabolic process and metal biding were up-regulated by Zn ions and N-ZnO, respectively, which were not pronounced in the liver treated with B-ZnO. These findings will be useful to predict the potential oral toxicity of ZnO NPs and further mechanistic and long-term exposure studies are required to assume their safety.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/4/1698zinc oxide nanoparticlesparticle sizebiological fatetoxicokineticstranscriptomics |
| spellingShingle | Jin Yu Soo-Jin Choi Particle Size and Biological Fate of ZnO Do Not Cause Acute Toxicity, but Affect Toxicokinetics and Gene Expression Profiles in the Rat Livers after Oral Administration International Journal of Molecular Sciences zinc oxide nanoparticles particle size biological fate toxicokinetics transcriptomics |
| title | Particle Size and Biological Fate of ZnO Do Not Cause Acute Toxicity, but Affect Toxicokinetics and Gene Expression Profiles in the Rat Livers after Oral Administration |
| title_full | Particle Size and Biological Fate of ZnO Do Not Cause Acute Toxicity, but Affect Toxicokinetics and Gene Expression Profiles in the Rat Livers after Oral Administration |
| title_fullStr | Particle Size and Biological Fate of ZnO Do Not Cause Acute Toxicity, but Affect Toxicokinetics and Gene Expression Profiles in the Rat Livers after Oral Administration |
| title_full_unstemmed | Particle Size and Biological Fate of ZnO Do Not Cause Acute Toxicity, but Affect Toxicokinetics and Gene Expression Profiles in the Rat Livers after Oral Administration |
| title_short | Particle Size and Biological Fate of ZnO Do Not Cause Acute Toxicity, but Affect Toxicokinetics and Gene Expression Profiles in the Rat Livers after Oral Administration |
| title_sort | particle size and biological fate of zno do not cause acute toxicity but affect toxicokinetics and gene expression profiles in the rat livers after oral administration |
| topic | zinc oxide nanoparticles particle size biological fate toxicokinetics transcriptomics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/4/1698 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jinyu particlesizeandbiologicalfateofznodonotcauseacutetoxicitybutaffecttoxicokineticsandgeneexpressionprofilesintheratliversafteroraladministration AT soojinchoi particlesizeandbiologicalfateofznodonotcauseacutetoxicitybutaffecttoxicokineticsandgeneexpressionprofilesintheratliversafteroraladministration |