Experience of Application of Natural Treatment Systems for Wastewater (NTSW) in Livestock Farms in Canary Islands

A real-scale application experience Natural Treatment Systems for Wastewater <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>N</mi><mi>T</mi><mi>S<...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Carlos A. Mendieta-Pino, Tania Garcia-Ramirez, Alejandro Ramos-Martin, Sebastian O. Perez-Baez
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-07-01
Series:Water
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/14/2279
Description
Summary:A real-scale application experience Natural Treatment Systems for Wastewater <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>N</mi><mi>T</mi><mi>S</mi><mi>W</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> operating in continues with livestock farms for one year. These systems are based on digesters, subsurface vertical flow constructed wetlands <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>S</mi><mi>V</mi><mi>F</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>W</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and facultative ponds. Chemical Oxygen Demand removal efficiency <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>E</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> has obtained between 70 and 90%. Likewise, it have been possible to compare the operation of cascade flow digesters <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>C</mi><mi>F</mi><mi>D</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> (<76% <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>E</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>) versus complete mixing digesters (CMD) (<50% <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>E</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula>). Facultative ponds <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>F</mi><mi>P</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> when combined with <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>S</mi><mi>S</mi><mi>F</mi><mi>C</mi><mi>W</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, removed a higher percentage of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>R</mi><mi>E</mi></mrow></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> compared with ponds (92%). Correlations of interest have been found between the variables evaluated in each plant. Finally, different elements are alternated in the same system, this system is capable of supporting variations in changes in flow rate and organic load coming from the farm, maintaining an adequate elimination of <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>O</mi><mi>D</mi></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> and other parameters of interest.
ISSN:2073-4441