The Pilot Study of Immunogenicity and Adverse Events of a COVID-19 Vaccine Regimen: Priming with Inactivated Whole SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (CoronaVac) and Boosting with the Adenoviral Vector (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) Vaccine

In response to the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, which partially escaped the vaccine-induced immunity provided by two doses of vaccination with CoronaVac (Sinovac), the National Vaccine Committee recommended the heterologous CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 (Oxford–AstraZeneca), a prime–boost vaccine regimen. This pil...

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Main Authors: Surakameth Mahasirimongkol, Athiwat Khunphon, Oraya Kwangsukstid, Sompong Sapsutthipas, Mingkwan Wichaidit, Archawin Rojanawiwat, Nuanjun Wichuckchinda, Wiroj Puangtubtim, Warangluk Pimpapai, Sakulrat Soonthorncharttrawat, Asawin Wanitchang, Anan Jongkaewwattana, Kanjana Srisutthisamphan, Daraka Phainupong, Naphatcha Thawong, Pundharika Piboonsiri, Waritta Sawaengdee, Thitiporn Somsaard, Kanokphon Ritthitham, Supaporn Chumpol, Nadthanan Pinyosukhee, Rattanawadee Wichajarn, Panadda Dhepakson, Sopon Iamsirithaworn, Supaporn Phumiamorn
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2022-03-01
Series:Vaccines
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/4/536
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author Surakameth Mahasirimongkol
Athiwat Khunphon
Oraya Kwangsukstid
Sompong Sapsutthipas
Mingkwan Wichaidit
Archawin Rojanawiwat
Nuanjun Wichuckchinda
Wiroj Puangtubtim
Warangluk Pimpapai
Sakulrat Soonthorncharttrawat
Asawin Wanitchang
Anan Jongkaewwattana
Kanjana Srisutthisamphan
Daraka Phainupong
Naphatcha Thawong
Pundharika Piboonsiri
Waritta Sawaengdee
Thitiporn Somsaard
Kanokphon Ritthitham
Supaporn Chumpol
Nadthanan Pinyosukhee
Rattanawadee Wichajarn
Panadda Dhepakson
Sopon Iamsirithaworn
Supaporn Phumiamorn
author_facet Surakameth Mahasirimongkol
Athiwat Khunphon
Oraya Kwangsukstid
Sompong Sapsutthipas
Mingkwan Wichaidit
Archawin Rojanawiwat
Nuanjun Wichuckchinda
Wiroj Puangtubtim
Warangluk Pimpapai
Sakulrat Soonthorncharttrawat
Asawin Wanitchang
Anan Jongkaewwattana
Kanjana Srisutthisamphan
Daraka Phainupong
Naphatcha Thawong
Pundharika Piboonsiri
Waritta Sawaengdee
Thitiporn Somsaard
Kanokphon Ritthitham
Supaporn Chumpol
Nadthanan Pinyosukhee
Rattanawadee Wichajarn
Panadda Dhepakson
Sopon Iamsirithaworn
Supaporn Phumiamorn
author_sort Surakameth Mahasirimongkol
collection DOAJ
description In response to the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, which partially escaped the vaccine-induced immunity provided by two doses of vaccination with CoronaVac (Sinovac), the National Vaccine Committee recommended the heterologous CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 (Oxford–AstraZeneca), a prime–boost vaccine regimen. This pilot study aimed to describe the immunogenicity and adverse events of the heterologous CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 regimen, in comparison with homologous CoronaVac, and homologous ChAdOx1. Between May and August 2021, we recruited a total of 354 participants from four vaccination groups: the CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 vaccinee (<i>n</i> = 155), the homologous CoronaVac vaccinee (<i>n</i> = 32), the homologous ChAdOx1 vaccinee (<i>n</i> = 47), and control group of COVID-19 patients (<i>n</i> = 120). Immunogenicity was evaluated by measuring the level of IgG antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (anti-SRBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunit and the level of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against variants of concern (VOCs) using the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and pseudovirus neutralization test (pVNT). The safety profile was recorded by interviewing at the 1-month visit after vaccination. The anti-SRBD level after the second booster dose of the CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 group at 2 weeks was higher than 4 weeks. At 4 weeks after the second booster dose, the anti-SRBD level in the CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 group was significantly higher than either homologous CoronaVac, the homologous ChAdOx1 group, and Control group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In the CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 group, the PRNT<sub>50</sub> level against the wild-type (434.5 BAU/mL) was the highest; followed by Alpha variant (80.4), Delta variant (67.4), and Beta variant (19.8). The PVNT<sub>50</sub> level was also found to be at its highest against the wild-type (432.1); followed by Delta variants (178.3), Alpha variants (163.9), and Beta variant (42.2), respectively. The AEs in the CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 group were well tolerated and generally unremarkable. The CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 heterologous regimen induced higher immunogenicity and a tolerable safety profile. In a situation when only CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 vaccines are available, they should be considered for use in responding to the Delta variant.
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spelling doaj.art-518ddbc5fd4a4ebe97eaf658e10ba8ca2023-12-03T14:02:46ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-03-0110453610.3390/vaccines10040536The Pilot Study of Immunogenicity and Adverse Events of a COVID-19 Vaccine Regimen: Priming with Inactivated Whole SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (CoronaVac) and Boosting with the Adenoviral Vector (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) VaccineSurakameth Mahasirimongkol0Athiwat Khunphon1Oraya Kwangsukstid2Sompong Sapsutthipas3Mingkwan Wichaidit4Archawin Rojanawiwat5Nuanjun Wichuckchinda6Wiroj Puangtubtim7Warangluk Pimpapai8Sakulrat Soonthorncharttrawat9Asawin Wanitchang10Anan Jongkaewwattana11Kanjana Srisutthisamphan12Daraka Phainupong13Naphatcha Thawong14Pundharika Piboonsiri15Waritta Sawaengdee16Thitiporn Somsaard17Kanokphon Ritthitham18Supaporn Chumpol19Nadthanan Pinyosukhee20Rattanawadee Wichajarn21Panadda Dhepakson22Sopon Iamsirithaworn23Supaporn Phumiamorn24Medical Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandMedical Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandInstitute of Dermatology, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok 10400, ThailandInstitute of Biological Products, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandInstitute of Dermatology, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok 10400, ThailandNational Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandMedical Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandMedical Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandMedical Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandMedical Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandVirology and Cell Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, ThailandVirology and Cell Technology Research Team, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA), Pathum Thani 12120, ThailandEpidemiology Division, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandInstitute of Dermatology, Department of Medical Services, Ministry of Public Health, Bangkok 10400, ThailandMedical Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandMedical Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandMedical Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandInstitute of Biological Products, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandInstitute of Biological Products, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandInstitute of Biological Products, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandMedical Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandMedical Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandMedical Life Sciences Institute, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandEpidemiology Division, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandInstitute of Biological Products, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandIn response to the SARS-CoV-2 Delta variant, which partially escaped the vaccine-induced immunity provided by two doses of vaccination with CoronaVac (Sinovac), the National Vaccine Committee recommended the heterologous CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 (Oxford–AstraZeneca), a prime–boost vaccine regimen. This pilot study aimed to describe the immunogenicity and adverse events of the heterologous CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 regimen, in comparison with homologous CoronaVac, and homologous ChAdOx1. Between May and August 2021, we recruited a total of 354 participants from four vaccination groups: the CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 vaccinee (<i>n</i> = 155), the homologous CoronaVac vaccinee (<i>n</i> = 32), the homologous ChAdOx1 vaccinee (<i>n</i> = 47), and control group of COVID-19 patients (<i>n</i> = 120). Immunogenicity was evaluated by measuring the level of IgG antibodies against the receptor-binding domain (anti-SRBD) of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein S1 subunit and the level of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) against variants of concern (VOCs) using the plaque reduction neutralization test (PRNT) and pseudovirus neutralization test (pVNT). The safety profile was recorded by interviewing at the 1-month visit after vaccination. The anti-SRBD level after the second booster dose of the CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 group at 2 weeks was higher than 4 weeks. At 4 weeks after the second booster dose, the anti-SRBD level in the CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 group was significantly higher than either homologous CoronaVac, the homologous ChAdOx1 group, and Control group (<i>p</i> < 0.001). In the CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 group, the PRNT<sub>50</sub> level against the wild-type (434.5 BAU/mL) was the highest; followed by Alpha variant (80.4), Delta variant (67.4), and Beta variant (19.8). The PVNT<sub>50</sub> level was also found to be at its highest against the wild-type (432.1); followed by Delta variants (178.3), Alpha variants (163.9), and Beta variant (42.2), respectively. The AEs in the CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 group were well tolerated and generally unremarkable. The CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 heterologous regimen induced higher immunogenicity and a tolerable safety profile. In a situation when only CoronaVac-ChAdOx1 vaccines are available, they should be considered for use in responding to the Delta variant.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/4/536homologousheterologousCOVID-19 vaccineheterologous prime-boostimmunogenicityinactivated
spellingShingle Surakameth Mahasirimongkol
Athiwat Khunphon
Oraya Kwangsukstid
Sompong Sapsutthipas
Mingkwan Wichaidit
Archawin Rojanawiwat
Nuanjun Wichuckchinda
Wiroj Puangtubtim
Warangluk Pimpapai
Sakulrat Soonthorncharttrawat
Asawin Wanitchang
Anan Jongkaewwattana
Kanjana Srisutthisamphan
Daraka Phainupong
Naphatcha Thawong
Pundharika Piboonsiri
Waritta Sawaengdee
Thitiporn Somsaard
Kanokphon Ritthitham
Supaporn Chumpol
Nadthanan Pinyosukhee
Rattanawadee Wichajarn
Panadda Dhepakson
Sopon Iamsirithaworn
Supaporn Phumiamorn
The Pilot Study of Immunogenicity and Adverse Events of a COVID-19 Vaccine Regimen: Priming with Inactivated Whole SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (CoronaVac) and Boosting with the Adenoviral Vector (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) Vaccine
Vaccines
homologous
heterologous
COVID-19 vaccine
heterologous prime-boost
immunogenicity
inactivated
title The Pilot Study of Immunogenicity and Adverse Events of a COVID-19 Vaccine Regimen: Priming with Inactivated Whole SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (CoronaVac) and Boosting with the Adenoviral Vector (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) Vaccine
title_full The Pilot Study of Immunogenicity and Adverse Events of a COVID-19 Vaccine Regimen: Priming with Inactivated Whole SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (CoronaVac) and Boosting with the Adenoviral Vector (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) Vaccine
title_fullStr The Pilot Study of Immunogenicity and Adverse Events of a COVID-19 Vaccine Regimen: Priming with Inactivated Whole SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (CoronaVac) and Boosting with the Adenoviral Vector (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) Vaccine
title_full_unstemmed The Pilot Study of Immunogenicity and Adverse Events of a COVID-19 Vaccine Regimen: Priming with Inactivated Whole SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (CoronaVac) and Boosting with the Adenoviral Vector (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) Vaccine
title_short The Pilot Study of Immunogenicity and Adverse Events of a COVID-19 Vaccine Regimen: Priming with Inactivated Whole SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine (CoronaVac) and Boosting with the Adenoviral Vector (ChAdOx1 nCoV-19) Vaccine
title_sort pilot study of immunogenicity and adverse events of a covid 19 vaccine regimen priming with inactivated whole sars cov 2 vaccine coronavac and boosting with the adenoviral vector chadox1 ncov 19 vaccine
topic homologous
heterologous
COVID-19 vaccine
heterologous prime-boost
immunogenicity
inactivated
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/4/536
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