Clostridioides difficile-associated diarrhea in surgical service patients in Mexico

Introduction: Clostridium difficile is the first cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea in developed countries. In recent years the incidence of C. difficile infection (CDI) has increased worldwide. There is not much information on the topic in Mexico, and little is known about the risk factors for...

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Main Authors: R. Morfín-Otero, S. Petersen-Morfín, S.A. Aguirre-Díaz, H.R. Pérez-Gómez, E. Garza-González, E. González-Díaz, S. Esparza-Ahumada, J.A. Velarde-Ruiz Velasco, G. León-Garnica, R. Escobedo-Sánchez, E. Rodríguez-Noriega
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2020-07-01
Series:Revista de Gastroenterología de México (English Edition)
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2255534X19300878
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Summary:Introduction: Clostridium difficile is the first cause of healthcare-associated diarrhea in developed countries. In recent years the incidence of C. difficile infection (CDI) has increased worldwide. There is not much information on the topic in Mexico, and little is known about the risk factors for the infection in patients that are hospitalized in surgical services. Materials and methods: A case-control study was conducted that compared the epidemiologic findings and risk factors between surgical patients with PCR-confirmed CDI, surgical patients with diarrhea and a negative PCR test, and surgical patients with no diarrhea. The statistical analysis was carried out using the SPSS version 22.0 program. Results: The majority of the surgical patients with CDI belonged to the areas of neurosurgery, cardiac surgery, orthopedics, and general surgery. A total of 53% of the CDI cases were associated with the hypervirulent CD NAP1/027 strain. The presence of mucus in stools (OR: 1.5, p = 0.001), fever (OR: 1.4, p = 0.011), leukocytes in stools (OR: 3.2, p < 0.001), hospitalization within the past twelve weeks (OR: 2.0, p < 0.001), antibiotic use (OR: 1.3, p = 0.023), and ceftriaxone use (OR: 1.4, p = 0.01) were independent risk factors for the development of CDI. Conclusions: C. difficile-induced diarrhea in the surgical services is frequent at the Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”. Resumen: Introducción: Clostridium difficile (CD) es la primera causa de diarrea asociada al cuidado de salud en los países desarrollados. En los últimos años, la incidencia de la infección asociada a C. difficile (ICD) ha aumentado en el ámbito mundial. En México, la información al respecto es escasa, y se conoce poco sobre los factores de riesgo para esta enfermedad en pacientes hospitalizados en servicios quirúrgicos. Material y métodos: Estudio de casos y controles. Se compararon hallazgos epidemiológicos y factores de riesgo entre pacientes quirúrgicos con ICD confirmada por PCR contra pacientes quirúrgicos con diarrea PCR negativa y contra pacientes quirúrgicos sin diarrea. Se realizó análisis estadístico mediante el paquete estadístico SPSS versión 22.0. Resultados: La mayoría de los pacientes quirúrgicos con ICD correspondían a las áreas de neurocirugía, cardiocirugía, ortopedia y cirugía general. El 53% de los casos de ICD se asociaron a la cepa hipervirulenta de CD NAP1/027. La presencia de moco en heces (RM 1.5, p = 0.001), fiebre (RM 1.4, p = 0.011), leucocitos en heces (RM 3.2, p=<0.001), hospitalización en las últimas doce semanas (RM 2.0, p=<0.001), uso de antibióticos (RM 1.3, p = 0.023) y uso de ceftriaxona (RM 1.4, p = 0.01) constituyeron factores de riesgo independientes para el desarrollo de ICD. Conclusiones: La diarrea por CD en servicios quirúrgicos es frecuente en nuestra institución (Hospital Civil de Guadalajara “Fray Antonio Alcalde”).
ISSN:2255-534X