Quantification of Metal(loid)s in Lubricating Eye Drops Used in the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease
The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of metal(loid)s in lubricating eye drops used in the treatment of dry eye disease. The concentrations of Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Pb, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, V, and Zn were determined in 19 eye drop samples using inductively coupled plasma optical...
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MDPI AG
2023-09-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/18/6508 |
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| author | Marcelo de Oliveira Elaine S. de Pádua Melo Thaís Carvalho da Silva Carla Maiara Lopes Cardozo Igor Valadares Siqueira Mariana Pereira Hamaji Vanessa Torres Braga Luiz Fernando Taranta Martin Alessandro Fonseca Valter Aragão do Nascimento |
| author_facet | Marcelo de Oliveira Elaine S. de Pádua Melo Thaís Carvalho da Silva Carla Maiara Lopes Cardozo Igor Valadares Siqueira Mariana Pereira Hamaji Vanessa Torres Braga Luiz Fernando Taranta Martin Alessandro Fonseca Valter Aragão do Nascimento |
| author_sort | Marcelo de Oliveira |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of metal(loid)s in lubricating eye drops used in the treatment of dry eye disease. The concentrations of Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Pb, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, V, and Zn were determined in 19 eye drop samples using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values for the quantified elements ranged from 0.0002–0.0363 (mg/L) and 0.0007–0.1211 (mg/L), respectively. High values of concentrations of Al (2.382 µg/g), As (0.204 µg/g), Ba (0.056 µg/g), Cd (0.051 µg/g), Co (1.085 µg/g), Cr (0.020 µg/g), Cu (0.023 µg/g), Fe (0.453 µg/g), Mg (24.284 µg/g), Mn (0.014 µg/g), Mo (0.046 µg/g), Ni (0.071 µg/g), Pb (0.049 µg/g), Se (0.365 µg/g), V (0.083 µg/g), and Zn (0.552 µg/g) were quantified in samples of eye drops with and without preservatives. The concentrations of As (5 samples) and Cd (3 samples) were higher than those allowed by the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia for impurities (parenteral use). The value of Co content (µg/g) in a sample was higher than the value established by the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH Q3D (R2)) in the parenteral route. The daily eye drop instillation exposure (µg/day) was below the values from the parenteral-permitted daily exposure (PDE) set by the ICH Q3D guideline (R2). The presence of heavy metals in eye drops is an alert to regulatory agencies in several countries so that control and inspections can be carried out. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:25:03Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-518f5e81e35547efb319c67852a093fa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T22:25:03Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
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| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-518f5e81e35547efb319c67852a093fa2023-11-19T12:08:22ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492023-09-012818650810.3390/molecules28186508Quantification of Metal(loid)s in Lubricating Eye Drops Used in the Treatment of Dry Eye DiseaseMarcelo de Oliveira0Elaine S. de Pádua Melo1Thaís Carvalho da Silva2Carla Maiara Lopes Cardozo3Igor Valadares Siqueira4Mariana Pereira Hamaji5Vanessa Torres Braga6Luiz Fernando Taranta Martin7Alessandro Fonseca8Valter Aragão do Nascimento9Graduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, BrazilGroup of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied to Biodiversity and Health, Postgraduation Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, BrazilGroup of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied to Biodiversity and Health, Postgraduation Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, BrazilGraduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, BrazilGroup of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied to Biodiversity and Health, Postgraduation Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, BrazilGroup of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied to Biodiversity and Health, Postgraduation Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, BrazilGraduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, BrazilGroup of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied to Biodiversity and Health, Postgraduation Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, BrazilGroup of Spectroscopy and Bioinformatics Applied to Biodiversity and Health, Postgraduation Program in Health and Development in the Midwest Region, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, BrazilGraduate Program in Health and Development in the Central-West Region of Brazil, Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul, Campo Grande 79079-900, BrazilThe aim of the study was to evaluate the presence of metal(loid)s in lubricating eye drops used in the treatment of dry eye disease. The concentrations of Al, As, Ba, Cd, Co, Cu, Cr, Pb, Fe, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, Se, V, and Zn were determined in 19 eye drop samples using inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES). The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) values for the quantified elements ranged from 0.0002–0.0363 (mg/L) and 0.0007–0.1211 (mg/L), respectively. High values of concentrations of Al (2.382 µg/g), As (0.204 µg/g), Ba (0.056 µg/g), Cd (0.051 µg/g), Co (1.085 µg/g), Cr (0.020 µg/g), Cu (0.023 µg/g), Fe (0.453 µg/g), Mg (24.284 µg/g), Mn (0.014 µg/g), Mo (0.046 µg/g), Ni (0.071 µg/g), Pb (0.049 µg/g), Se (0.365 µg/g), V (0.083 µg/g), and Zn (0.552 µg/g) were quantified in samples of eye drops with and without preservatives. The concentrations of As (5 samples) and Cd (3 samples) were higher than those allowed by the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia for impurities (parenteral use). The value of Co content (µg/g) in a sample was higher than the value established by the International Council for Harmonization of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH Q3D (R2)) in the parenteral route. The daily eye drop instillation exposure (µg/day) was below the values from the parenteral-permitted daily exposure (PDE) set by the ICH Q3D guideline (R2). The presence of heavy metals in eye drops is an alert to regulatory agencies in several countries so that control and inspections can be carried out.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/18/6508heavy metalsmetalloidslubricating eye dropsdry eye disease |
| spellingShingle | Marcelo de Oliveira Elaine S. de Pádua Melo Thaís Carvalho da Silva Carla Maiara Lopes Cardozo Igor Valadares Siqueira Mariana Pereira Hamaji Vanessa Torres Braga Luiz Fernando Taranta Martin Alessandro Fonseca Valter Aragão do Nascimento Quantification of Metal(loid)s in Lubricating Eye Drops Used in the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease Molecules heavy metals metalloids lubricating eye drops dry eye disease |
| title | Quantification of Metal(loid)s in Lubricating Eye Drops Used in the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease |
| title_full | Quantification of Metal(loid)s in Lubricating Eye Drops Used in the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease |
| title_fullStr | Quantification of Metal(loid)s in Lubricating Eye Drops Used in the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantification of Metal(loid)s in Lubricating Eye Drops Used in the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease |
| title_short | Quantification of Metal(loid)s in Lubricating Eye Drops Used in the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease |
| title_sort | quantification of metal loid s in lubricating eye drops used in the treatment of dry eye disease |
| topic | heavy metals metalloids lubricating eye drops dry eye disease |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/28/18/6508 |
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