Optimization of the Antioxidant Activities of Mixtures of Melastomataceae Leaves Species (<i>M. malabathricum Linn Smith</i>, <i>M. decemfidum</i>, and <i>M. hirta</i>) Using a Simplex Centroid Design and Their Anti-Collagenase and Elastase Properties
In this study, a simplex-centroid mixture design (SCMD) approach was used to select the optimal proportions of three different Melastomataceae leaves species (<i>M. malabathricum</i>, <i>M. decemfidum</i>, and <i>M. hirta</i>) extracts to determine the optimum ant...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/19/7002 |
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| author | Nur Fauwizah Azahar Siti Salwa Abd Gani Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan Paiman Bawon Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi |
| author_facet | Nur Fauwizah Azahar Siti Salwa Abd Gani Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan Paiman Bawon Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi |
| author_sort | Nur Fauwizah Azahar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, a simplex-centroid mixture design (SCMD) approach was used to select the optimal proportions of three different Melastomataceae leaves species (<i>M. malabathricum</i>, <i>M. decemfidum</i>, and <i>M. hirta</i>) extracts to determine the optimum antioxidant activities of total phenolic compound (TPC) and ABTS (2, 2′-azino-bis (ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical-scavenging activities. Twelve experimental designs were set up, consisting of points that were equally weighted mixtures of 0 to 1 components, which were pure blends (1, 0, …, 0), binary blends (1/2, 1/2, 0, …, 0), tertiary blends (1/3, 1/3, 1/3, 0, …, 0), and a control point. The in vitro anti-elastase and collagenase activities were evaluated in order to determine the anti-aging efficacy of the optimized mixture extracts. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was employed to identify the flavonoid content (rutin and quercetin) present in the optimized mixture extracts. The results showed that the best proportions of the optimum phenolic compounds and ABTS activity corresponded to 30%, 40%, and 30% of <i>M. malabathricum</i>, <i>M. hirta</i>, and <i>M. decemfidum</i> leaf extracts, respectively. The in vitro anti-collagenase and elastase activity evaluation of the optimized mixture extracts showed 70% inhibition against both elastase and collagenase enzymes. The HPLC analysis revealed two flavonoids (rutin and quercetin) at retention time 7.770 and 8.769 min, respectively, in the mixture extracts. This study suggests the potential exploitation of mixtures of Melastomataceae leaves (<i>M. malabathricum</i>, <i>M. decemfidum</i>, and <i>M. hirta</i>) as cosmetic ingredients for antioxidant and anti-wrinkles applications. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:47:45Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:47:45Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-5196f1ee6ab34fb183f91fea42ce9be52023-11-20T16:20:58ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172020-10-011019700210.3390/app10197002Optimization of the Antioxidant Activities of Mixtures of Melastomataceae Leaves Species (<i>M. malabathricum Linn Smith</i>, <i>M. decemfidum</i>, and <i>M. hirta</i>) Using a Simplex Centroid Design and Their Anti-Collagenase and Elastase PropertiesNur Fauwizah Azahar0Siti Salwa Abd Gani1Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan2Paiman Bawon3Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi4Halal Products Research Institute, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Putra Infoport, Serdang 43400 UPM, MalaysiaDepartment of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, MalaysiaDepartment of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, MalaysiaDepartment of Forest Production, Faculty of Forestry, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, MalaysiaDepartment of Land Management, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang 43400 UPM, Selangor, MalaysiaIn this study, a simplex-centroid mixture design (SCMD) approach was used to select the optimal proportions of three different Melastomataceae leaves species (<i>M. malabathricum</i>, <i>M. decemfidum</i>, and <i>M. hirta</i>) extracts to determine the optimum antioxidant activities of total phenolic compound (TPC) and ABTS (2, 2′-azino-bis (ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)) radical-scavenging activities. Twelve experimental designs were set up, consisting of points that were equally weighted mixtures of 0 to 1 components, which were pure blends (1, 0, …, 0), binary blends (1/2, 1/2, 0, …, 0), tertiary blends (1/3, 1/3, 1/3, 0, …, 0), and a control point. The in vitro anti-elastase and collagenase activities were evaluated in order to determine the anti-aging efficacy of the optimized mixture extracts. A high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis was employed to identify the flavonoid content (rutin and quercetin) present in the optimized mixture extracts. The results showed that the best proportions of the optimum phenolic compounds and ABTS activity corresponded to 30%, 40%, and 30% of <i>M. malabathricum</i>, <i>M. hirta</i>, and <i>M. decemfidum</i> leaf extracts, respectively. The in vitro anti-collagenase and elastase activity evaluation of the optimized mixture extracts showed 70% inhibition against both elastase and collagenase enzymes. The HPLC analysis revealed two flavonoids (rutin and quercetin) at retention time 7.770 and 8.769 min, respectively, in the mixture extracts. This study suggests the potential exploitation of mixtures of Melastomataceae leaves (<i>M. malabathricum</i>, <i>M. decemfidum</i>, and <i>M. hirta</i>) as cosmetic ingredients for antioxidant and anti-wrinkles applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/19/7002<i>Melastoma malabathricum</i><i>M. hirta</i><i>M. decemfidum</i>simplex centroidrutinquercetin |
| spellingShingle | Nur Fauwizah Azahar Siti Salwa Abd Gani Uswatun Hasanah Zaidan Paiman Bawon Mohd Izuan Effendi Halmi Optimization of the Antioxidant Activities of Mixtures of Melastomataceae Leaves Species (<i>M. malabathricum Linn Smith</i>, <i>M. decemfidum</i>, and <i>M. hirta</i>) Using a Simplex Centroid Design and Their Anti-Collagenase and Elastase Properties Applied Sciences <i>Melastoma malabathricum</i> <i>M. hirta</i> <i>M. decemfidum</i> simplex centroid rutin quercetin |
| title | Optimization of the Antioxidant Activities of Mixtures of Melastomataceae Leaves Species (<i>M. malabathricum Linn Smith</i>, <i>M. decemfidum</i>, and <i>M. hirta</i>) Using a Simplex Centroid Design and Their Anti-Collagenase and Elastase Properties |
| title_full | Optimization of the Antioxidant Activities of Mixtures of Melastomataceae Leaves Species (<i>M. malabathricum Linn Smith</i>, <i>M. decemfidum</i>, and <i>M. hirta</i>) Using a Simplex Centroid Design and Their Anti-Collagenase and Elastase Properties |
| title_fullStr | Optimization of the Antioxidant Activities of Mixtures of Melastomataceae Leaves Species (<i>M. malabathricum Linn Smith</i>, <i>M. decemfidum</i>, and <i>M. hirta</i>) Using a Simplex Centroid Design and Their Anti-Collagenase and Elastase Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Optimization of the Antioxidant Activities of Mixtures of Melastomataceae Leaves Species (<i>M. malabathricum Linn Smith</i>, <i>M. decemfidum</i>, and <i>M. hirta</i>) Using a Simplex Centroid Design and Their Anti-Collagenase and Elastase Properties |
| title_short | Optimization of the Antioxidant Activities of Mixtures of Melastomataceae Leaves Species (<i>M. malabathricum Linn Smith</i>, <i>M. decemfidum</i>, and <i>M. hirta</i>) Using a Simplex Centroid Design and Their Anti-Collagenase and Elastase Properties |
| title_sort | optimization of the antioxidant activities of mixtures of melastomataceae leaves species i m malabathricum linn smith i i m decemfidum i and i m hirta i using a simplex centroid design and their anti collagenase and elastase properties |
| topic | <i>Melastoma malabathricum</i> <i>M. hirta</i> <i>M. decemfidum</i> simplex centroid rutin quercetin |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/10/19/7002 |
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